ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
95 
New Zymogenous Saccharomyces.* — Sig. F. Cavara describes a 
disease which attacks the dura, Sorghum Cajfrorum, due to a hitherto 
undescribed species of Saccharomyces , of which he gives the following 
diagnosis, with the name S. Comesii : — In cellulis vaginarum et culmo- 
rum Sorghi nidulans ; mycelio hyphis cylindraceis septatis constitute, 
bine inde ramulos seu sporophora ramosa exhibente ; conidiis acrogenis, 
solitariis v. catenulatis, cylindraceis v. longe ellipsoideis, 7-9 X 2-3 /x. 
Histological Structure and Development of Yeasts.f — M. P. A. 
Dangeard finds that when Saccharomyces cerevisise is fixed with absolute 
alcohol and stained with haematoxylin, beneath the investing membrane 
there becomes evident a dense homogeneous layer of protoplasm which 
stains deeply. This protoplasmic mass encloses a vacuole and a nucleus, 
the latter limited by a well-defined membrane, and containing a nucleole. 
The nuclear plasma between the nucleole and membrane remains un- 
stained, but not unfrequently shows chromatin arcs. The budding pro- 
cess may start from a part of the yeast right opposite to the position 
of the nucleus. The bud is at first almost spherical, and contains, like 
the mother-cell, protoplasm and a vacuole, the parent and offspring 
remaining united by a delicate cord-like attachment. 
Hitherto the nucleus has remained passive, but now it moves towards 
the point of attachment of the bud, and there divides into two, usually by 
the direct method. The young nucleus has a nucleole and hyaloplasm, 
but no nuclear membrane, this not appearing until it has quite arrived 
within the daughter-bud. Even before separation has taken place, the 
mother-nucleus may move off towards a younger bud, of which several, 
though of different ages, may be present in the same cell. 
Laboulbeniacese.f — Mr. R. Thaxter describes a large number of 
new species of this order of Fungi, chiefly from America, including the 
following new genera : — 
Ceratomyces. — Receptacle reduced, consisting of a small number of 
basal cells, above which it is directly continued by the basal cells of the 
perithece and antheridial appendage. Peritheces highly developed, the 
walls composed of four longitudinal rows of superposed cells, the outer 
row continued into a horn-like appendage. Antheridial appendage 
arising at the base of the perithece, composed of a series of superposed 
cells. Asci subclavate, 4-spored; spores fusiform or acicular, once 
septate, involved in mucus. 
Corethromyces. — Receptacle reduced to a basal with two or three 
terminal cells, giving rise on one side to the free perithece, on the other 
to several long straight rigid cylindrical jointed appendages, which bear 
externally at short intervals numerous secondary appendages. 
Acanthomyces. — Peritheces as in Laboulbenia , clearly differentiated 
from the receptacle. Main axis of the receptacle composed of superposed 
squarish cells, and, above its basal cell on the inner side, of a series of 
smaller appendages, bearing cells extending up to and around the base 
of the perithece ; the appendages simple, rigid, septate ; spores as in 
Laboulbenia. 
* L’Agricultura Ital., xix. (1893) p. 7. See Bot. Centralbl., lv. (1893) p. 279. 
f Comptes Bendus, cxvii. (1893) pp. 68-9. 
J Proc. American Acad. Arts and Sci., xxvii. (1892) pp. 29-45, and xxviii. 
(1893) pp. 156-88. Cf. this Journal, 1892, p. 82. 
