ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
185 
of forming a fresh endodorm or intestinal epithelium. Perhaps the 
suppression of the primary endoderm is one of the results of a 
simplification of ontogeny induced by perfected viviparity. In this 
connection, the five known types of development in Bryozoa are con- 
trasted in a table. (2) The author holds strongly to the opinion 
that the Ectoprocta and the Endoprocta should be kept in one class. 
(3) The dual or polypo-cystid theory must be entirely abandoned. 
(4) He agrees with (Jstroumoff and Harmer that the degeneration 
of the polypide may be related to the absence of an excretory system. 
(5) In the loss of the calyx in Ectoprocta there is not, however, any 
real analogue of the formation of “ brown bodies,” i. e. of the moulting 
of the polypide, which occurs in Ectoprocta. (6) The absence of an 
excretory organ may explain the degeneration of the gut in the Cypho- 
nautes larva at the time of metamorphosis, while in the larva of 
Pedicellina , which has an excretory apparatus, the gut is handed on 
to the adult. 
Prof. E. Ehlers * reviews Prouho’s investigations. He discusses, in 
particular, the openings to the exterior, showing at a glance in a diagram, 
what cannot be briefly stated in words, the relative positions of mouth, 
anus, ganglion, excretory aperture (in Pedicellina ), nephridial aperture 
(in Phylactolsema), intertentacular organ (in Membranipora and Alcyoni- 
dium ), and genital openings (in Pedicellina and Hypopliorella'). He briefly 
indicates how his conclusions bear upon the relationships of the different 
types. 
New and Rare Irish Polyzoa.j' — Mr. J. E. Duerden finds that the 
west coast of Ireland is proving very rich in the rare species of Polyzoa ; 
very little attention has as yet been given to them, and it is expected 
that full investigation will prove of great interest in relation to geo- 
graphical distribution. The present paper only deals with Betepora , 
Crisia , the Triticellidm, and Barentsia. B. couchi is for the first time 
recorded from Ireland, and the five colonies found are of a larger size 
than any yet reported from England. All the ten British species of 
Crisia enumerated by Mr. Harmer in his recent revision have been found 
in Ireland. The abundance of Triticella enables the author to add a 
generic character — the presence of a continuous horny crust from 
which the peduncles arise ; the south-west of Ireland appears to be the 
home of the Triticellidae. 
Arthropoda. 
a. Insecta. 
Antennary Sensory Organs of Insects.^ — Mr. C. M. Child has a 
preliminary notice of his investigations on a sensory organ found at the 
base of the antennae of various Insects. He is inclined to think that the 
organ has not an olfactory but an auditory function ; the nerve-endings 
lie in such a way that every movement of the distal part of the antennae 
act as a stimulus. 
* Nachricht. Univ. Gottingen (1893) pp. 483-90 (sheet disarranged in printing). 
t Proc. R. Irish Acad., iii. (1893) pp. 121-36 (1 pi.). 
X Zool. Anzeig., xvii. (1894) pp. 35-8. 
1894 
O 
