ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
189 
Indian Moths.* — In our April part last yoar we noticed Mr. G. F. 
Hampson’s first volume on Moths in the Fauna of India series, and 
now the second has just appeared ; it consists of 610 pages, as against 
530 in vol. i., though almost the same number of genera are dealt with 
— 325 against 333 — as is shown by the process-block illustrations, of 
which there is one to each genus. 
The scheme of classification sketched out in vol. i. in the key to tho 
families is here carried on, and three families are dealt with, the 
Arctiid®, Agaristid®, and the greater portion of the large family 
Noctuid®. These three families are held to be very closely related and 
to have sprung from a common Tortricid ancestor ; the lowest group of 
the Arctiid® — the Nolin® — and the lowest group of the Noctuid® — tho 
Sarrothripin® — being very closely allied in form, markings, structure, 
and the presence of raised buttons of scales on the fore wing to some 
members of the Tortricid®. This affinity of structure and pattern is, 
however, to be seen also in many genera in the Acontiin® of the Noctuid 
series, and the Nycteolin® of the Arctiid series, bearing out the relation- 
ship indicated by Nola and Sarrothripa ; the latter genus has always been 
held by students of European forms to be an extremely isolated one, but 
in the oriental region is found to be connected with the main body of the 
Noctuid® by a continuous chain of genera. 
The Lithosid section of the Arctiid® is especially interesting in the 
oriental region from the many extreme modifications of structure which 
are presented, especially in the males, which often branch out in many 
different directions w ithin the same genus ; of this Cyana is a very good 
example. 
The Noctuid® are primarily divided into subfamilies in accordance 
with the amount of development and position of vein 5 of the hindwing, 
which give an excellent character for dividing them into two main groups, 
with which the number of prolegs developed by the larv® closely cor- 
respond; this being done, Lederer’s excellent key to the genera is 
followed, modified to suit the requirements of the oriental genera, 
especially in the second group, which has its headquarters in the 
tropics. 
The other family — the Agaristid® — is a small one, and is a develop- 
ment of the higher Noctuid® modified for day-flying purposes. 
Salivary Glands of Hymenoptera.f — M. .Bordas arranges in seven 
chief groups the salivary glands of SpJiecodes fuscipennis. The thoracic 
salivary glands are either pro- or meso- thoracic, tho ducts of each half 
of which fuse under the brain. The post-ocellar glands are much less 
well developed than in Apis mellifica ; a number of ducts are given off, 
and unite in an unpaired canal which opens on the dorsal surface of the 
anterior part of the oesophagus. The supracerebral glands vary in form 
and size in different individuals ; but they are, as a rule, much more 
developed in males than females. Their efferent duct describes four or 
five longitudinal convolutions, enlarges into a vesicle, and opens a little 
behind the buccal orifice. There is an internal and an external pair of 
* ‘ The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Edited by W. T. 
Blanford. Moths.’ Yol. ii by G. F. Hampson, London, 1894. 
f Comptes Rendus, cxviii. (1894) pp. 296-9. 
