ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
203 
tion in the number of the eyes, the fusion of the proboscis and oesophagus 
in front of the mouth, and the frontal (not ventral) position of the 
mouth. 
Structure and Life-history of Taeniae.* — Dr. v. Linstow describes 
Taenia ursina sp. n. from Ursus arctos ; T. ( Davainea ) Struthionis Houttoyn 
from Struthio molybdophanes ; and T. serpentulus Schrank from Corvus 
corone , &c. In the second, as in other species of Davainea , the ova re- 
main in the ovaries, where the spermatozoa and yolk-cells are brought 
to them, and the shell-substance is secreted by the ovaries themselves, 
there being neither “ ootyp ” nor shell-gland. The cysticerci of T. ser- 
pentulus were found in the dung-beetle, Geotrupes sylvaticus. 
5. Incertee Sedis. 
Enteropneusta.f — Prof. J. W. Spengel has published his long 
looked-for monograph on Balanoglossus and its allies. The old and 
wide generic name is now more strictly limited, and, in addition to it, 
Ptychodera, Scliizocardium , and Glandiceps are recognized. As to the 
significance of Della Chiaje’s original name, about which there has been 
much discussion, the author comes to the conclusion that the illustrious 
Italian naturalist desired to give a name which should signify that the 
worm was like a Balanus anteriorly, and an ox’s tongue posteriorly. 
Nineteen species in all are recognized — Ptychodera minuta Kow., 
P. sarniensis Koehler, P. aperta sp. n., P. clavigera D. Ch., P. gigas 
F. Muller, P. aurantiaea Girard, P. erythrsea and P. bahamensis spp. nn., 
and P. flava Esch. ; Schizocardium brasiliense and S. peruvianum spp. nn. ; 
Glandiceps talaboti Marion, G. Lachsi Marion, and G. abyssicola sp. n. ; 
Balanoglossus Kuppferi Will.-Suhm, B. canadensis sp. n., B. Kowalevslcii 
A. Ag., B. Mereschhowshii N. Wagner, and B. sulcatus sp. n. 
A comparative table is given of the generic characters of the four 
divisions adopted, and it is suggested that provisionally the Ptycho- 
deridae should be further subdivided, so as to include, in addition to 
Ptychodera , the genera Tauroglossus and Chlamydothorax. 
The Ptychoderidae are all littoral; Schizocardium is as yet only 
known from either side of the South American continent. Glandiceps is 
not only known from the Mediterranean and from Japan, but contains 
the only deep sea form (2500 metres) and is from the Atlantic. Balano- 
glossus appears to be confined to the northern hemisphere, and extends, 
indeed, as far north as the White Sea and Greenland ; B. sulcatus is 
from Japan, and B. canadensis from the St. Lawrence. 
The second section of the work is devoted to ontogeny, and the third 
to the special morphology of the Enteropneusta ; the fourth deals with the 
general morphology of the group, and the last with its affinities. A 
critical study results in the conclusion that, in none of the points in 
which the Tunicata differ from the Yertebrata do they approach the 
Enteropneusta, and the doctrine of the affinity of the last with the 
Chordata finds no support from this side. Even if we allow that there 
are some points which justify a belief in a relationship between Entero- 
pneusta and Annelids, that relationship cannot be close. The differences 
* Arch. f. Mikr. Anat., xlii. (1893) pp. 442-59 (2 pis.). 
t ‘ Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel, &c., xviii. Enteropneusta,* Berlin, 
4 to, 1893, 758 pp., 37 pis. 
