234 
SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 
Cellulose is most commonly altogether wanting, and when present dis- 
plays different properties from those which it ordinarily possesses ; it 
is insoluble in Schweizer’s reagent, and is inert towards iodine reagents. 
The fundamental substance of the mycele is usually callose ; and this 
furnishes a very valuable character for detecting the presence of fungus- 
parasites. In Agaricus campestris , Boletus purpureus, and Cantharellus 
cibarius , the callose is replaced by substances apparently of a pectic 
nature. 
From experiments on various fungi ( Boletus edulis, Polyporus offici- 
nalis , Agaricus campestris ) Herr E. Winterstein * * * § confirms the ordinary 
view that the substance of which the cell-wall is composed differs in its 
chemical properties from ordinary cellulose. 
Herr I. Drey fuss f states, on the contrary, that he has found true 
cellulose in Polyporus , Agaricus campestris , and Aspergillus glaucus, also 
in Bacillus subtilis and in pus bacilli. 
Malformations produced by Cystopus candidus and Roestelia can- 
cellata. — Sig. V. Peglion J has studied the hypertrophy of the tissues 
of Baphanus Baphanistrum caused by the attacks of Cystopus candidus , 
especially in the axis of the inflorescence and in the ovary. The epi- 
dermal cells of the axis are greatly lengthened in the tangential and 
transverse directions, causing the fissure of the stomates to stand nearly 
at right angles to the axis. The cortical parenchyme consists of very 
large cells with only small intercellular spaces. At the spots where 
the parasite developes its fructification large accumulations of starch 
are formed, which are used up in the formation of the conids. The 
distribution of the vascular bundles is affected, which is the case also 
in the seed-vessels. 
The same author § describes the tumours produced in the leaves and 
branches of the pear by the attacks of Boestelia cancellata. 
Parasitic Fungi. — Herr A. Nilsson |] describes the ravages committed 
on the pine-forests of Scandinavia by the attacks of Peridermium Pini , 
Agaricus melleus, and Hypoderma sulcigenum. The relationships of the 
various species of Peridermium to their Cronartium form are discussed. 
M. A. de Janczewski describes a new parasitic fungus, Scolecotrichum 
Boudieri , found on Beseda odorata. 
M. E. Mer ** gives details of the injury inflicted on Abies excelsa by 
the attacks of Phoma abietina ( Fusicoccum abietinum). 
M. P. Hariot ft identifies AEcidium carneum and Uromyces carneus , 
parasitic on Phaca astragalina, with BE. Hippocrepidis and 2E. Astragali. 
Prof. B, D. Halstedjf describes, under the name Exobasidium Pechii , 
a new species parasitic on Andromeda Mariana , which causes the flowers 
* Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Gesell., xi. (1893) pp. 441-5. 
t Zeitschr. f. phys. Chemie, xviii. pp. 358-79. See Journ. Chem. Soc., 1894, 
Abstr., ii. p. 24. 
X Riv. di Patologia Yegetale, i. (1893) pp. 265-84. See Bot. Centralbl., lvi. 
(1893) p. 312. 
§ Op. cit., ii. (1893) pp. 23-37. See Bot. Centralbl., lvi. (1893) p. 339. 
|| Tidskr. Skosk., xii. (1893) pp. 38-71. See Bot. Centralbl., lvi. (1893) p. 184. 
^ Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fiance, 1893. See Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xl. (1893) Rev. 
Bibl., p. 151. 
** Journ. de Bot. (Morot), vii. (1893) pp. 364-75. ft Tom. cit., pp. 375-6. 
XX Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, xx. (1893) pp. 437-40 (1 fig.). 
