ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
245 
Chromogenic Water Bacteria.* — Dr. 0. Voges describes two pig- 
ment bacteria which were obtained from soil-water. One of these, 
Bacillus cseruleus, produces a grey-blue pigment. It is a rodlet 0 * 9—1 * 4 /x 
long and 0*7-0 *9 fx broad. It is easily stained with anilin-water- 
fuchsin, methylen-blue, or gentian-violet, but is decolorized by Gram. 
Hanging-drop cultivations showed that it possesses lively movement. 
Stained by Loeffler’s method, a flagellum thrice as long as the bacterium 
and having 2 or 3 turns showed itself. The formation of pigment was 
found to depend on the presence of air, and it occurred on most media. 
It was found to be soluble in water or alcohol, but not in ether or 
chloroform. The bacterium grew well in all the usual media. 
Bacillus indigoferus , isolated from the same source, is an organism 
0*18 /x long and 0*06 fx broad. Cultivated in bouillon it forms a scum 
consisting of rodlets, the interior of which is of a violet-blue hue, just 
as if they had been stained with gentian-violet ; it is a mobile organism, 
and possesses a flagellum thrice as long as the bacillus itself. The 
bacillus was found to grow well on the usual media. 
Presence of Diplococcus pneumoniae Fraenkel, and of Strepto- 
coccus pyogenes in Osteomyelitis and Periostitis.! — Drs. Fischer 
and Levy have enriched the literature of osteomyelitis and periostitis 
unconnected with staphylococci by four cases. In two of these Diplococcus 
pneumonise was found. Both cases occurred in young children (7 and 
16 months), and in neither was there any necrosis. One case ended in 
fatal meningitis, and was examined microscopically and bacteriologically. 
In the other the micro-organism was farther identified by experiments 
on animals. 
From two other cases of osteomyelitis the author isolated Strepto- 
coccus pyogenes. Both of these did well, though a considerable thick- 
ening of the limb remained. 
Relations of Friedlaender’s Pneumobacillus and of the Lactic 
Ferment with B. lactis aerogenes and B. typhosus.! — Profs. J. Denys 
and J. Martin conclude that the pneumobacillus of Friedlaender and 
Bacillus aerogenes are merely varieties of the same species. The authors 
began their researches with four different pneumobacilli, and the only 
essential differences they observed between these and B. aerogenes were 
that the latter developed faster and more luxuriantly on artificial media, 
except on potato, whereon Pneumobacillus developed as rapidly as the 
bacillus from the intestine. Cultivation in milk brought out the fact 
that there was a difference in the vitality, not only as between the 
pneumobacilli and the B. aerogenes , but also between different specimens 
of pneumobacilli. By successive cultivations in milk the differences 
gradually disappeared, and the pneumobacilli were found to coagulate 
milk just as quickly as B. aerogenes. On the rabbit, the dog, and the 
guinea-pig, the same pathogenic action and anatomical lesions resulted 
from the action of either of these organisms. For these and other reasons 
the authors find that it is unnecessary to make two distinct species of 
them. On making a second series of experiments, the authors found 
* Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Parasitenk., xiv. (1893) pp. 301-15. 
f Deutsche Zeitschr. f. Chirurgie, xxxvi. (1893) Nos. 1 and 2. See Centralbl. f. 
Bakteriol. u. Parasitenk, xiv. (1893) pp. 434-5. 
X La Cellule, ix. (1893) pp. 261-93. Cf. this Journal, 1893, p. 678. 
