ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
343 
to Plutellus , but differs in having a ventrally imperfect clitellum, two 
pairs of sperm-funnels and of testes, a very large and CGiled prostate, 
ventral papillae, copulatory setae, and a small tvphlosole, as well as in other 
characters. Two kinds can be distinguished, but they do not appear to 
be specifically distinct, so that the author adopts the trinomial system 
of nomenclature, and calls one A. marmoratus ornatus and the other 
A. m. papillifer. This memoir is most profusely illustrated. 
Earthworms from the Congo.* * * § — Dr. R. Horst describes Benhamia 
congica sp. n. from the Upper Congo ; it is closely allied to B. Stuhlmanni 
and B. affinis from the Zambesi, but a comparison with types of these 
species sent to the author by Dr. Michaelsen shows that there are 
distinctive external specific characters. 
Bifid Earthworm.f — Mr. H. C. Williamson describes a bifid earth- 
worm in which the two “ tails ” were of unequal size, and suggests that 
the smaller half was due to budding on a normal earthworm. A new 
question raised is whether the worm burrowed, and if so, how it effected 
its movements. 
Excretory System of Nephelis.J — Herr A. Graf has studied this 
in Nephelis vulgaris ( octoculata ). It includes the nephridia and the 
ckloragogen cells. The nephridium consists of terminal vesicle, gland, 
and ciliated funnel. Under the title chloragogen cells the author de- 
scribes the botryoidal or vaso-fibrous tissue, the elements of which are 
disposed in dorsal strands and in the 42 blood-spaces which Jacquet 
calls ampullae. In the former case the chloragogen cells are extra- 
vascular, in the latter intravascular. Kukenthal’s observations on 
Tubifex are confirmed ; the chloragogen cells of Nephelis are excretory 
lymph-cells. The relations between the nephridia and the haemo- 
lymphatic excretory system are twofold ; the ciliated funnels convey 
the debris of chloragogen cells from the ampullae to the exterior, and 
the chloragogen cells may fix themselves directly to the nephridial 
gland, and breaking up allow their waste-products to pass into the 
nephridia by osmosis. In young forms some rudimentary nephridia 
without internal or external connections occurred beside the pharynx. 
Leeches of the Iberian Peninsula.§— Dr. R. Blanchard communi- 
cates what seems to be the first paper published on Iberian leeches. 
The list includes a dozen species: — Pontobdella muricata L., Glossi- 
phonia bioculata Bergmann, Gl. marginata 0. F. Muller, Gl. sexoculata 
Bergm., Gl. algira Moquin-Tandon (= Batrachobdella Latastii Viguier), 
of which a particular discussion, Placobdella catenigera Moquin-Tandon, 
Birudo medicinalis , JET. troctina, Limnatis nilotica S a vigny ( = Hsemopis 
sanguisuga Moquin-Tandon), with notes on its occurrence in man, Nephelis 
octoculata Bergm., and Dina Blaisei A. Blanchard. 
Leech-like Parasites of American Crayfishes.|j — Mr. J. Percy Moore 
describes four species of Branchiobdella, three of which — B. illuminata i 
* Tijdschr. Nederl. Dierk. Vereen., iv. (1894) pp. 68-70 (3 figs.). 
f Ann. Mag., xiii. (1894) pp. 217-25 (1 pi.). 
X Vierteljahrsschrift Naturf. Gesell. Zurich, xxxviii. (1893) pp. 354-60. 
§ Ann. Soc. Espaii. Hist. Nat., xxii. (1894) pp. 243-58 (6 figs.). 
|| Proc. Philad. Acad., 1893, pp. 419-28 (1 pi.). 
