ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
363 
contains a massive axial vascular cylinder, tlie anterior bundles of which 
are foliar. The axillary bud is inserted on the three or five foliar 
bundles nearest to the surface of the leaf and on the outermost peripheral 
bundles of the stem. 
Anatomy of the Stem of Wistaria sinensis.* * * § — According to M. Le- 
clerc du Sablon, the peculiarity in the structure of the stem of this plant 
consists in the occurrence of a supernumerary generating fibro-vascular 
layer in the internal portion of the cortex. Wistaria presents, in this 
respect, a resemblance to certain Menispermaceae. 
(4) Structure of Org-ans. 
Divisibility of Organs, j — Dr. C. Rechinger finds that fragments of 
potato of a cubic measurement of 4 ccm. taken from the interior of a 
tuber can put out adventitious shoots ; the production of the growing 
point proceeding from the cambium-cells of the vascular bundle. In 
the root of the horse-radish the limit of divisibility was found in discs 
1 • 5 mm. thick, and consisting of twenty-one rows of cells ; the new 
organs were formed exogenously in the callus. A distinct polarity was 
determined in a callus containing chlorophyll formed at the end of pieces 
of root of the dandelion 15-20 cm. in length, and in pieces of the root 
of lucern 6-7 cm. long and 0*75 cm. thick. The callus may perform four 
different functions, viz. : — (1) The healing of wounds ; (2) the nutrition 
of the organs formed from it ; (3) assimilation ; and (4) as a connecting 
tissue between the old tissue and the new organs. 
Spurs of Tropseolum and Pelargonium.^— M. P. Yuillemin gives an 
exhaustive account of a variety of modifications which occur in the form 
and structure of the spur of the corolla in these genera ; and draws the 
general conclusion that they are nearly allied to one another, and that 
they present relationships with the polysymmetrical Geraniaceae on one 
hand and with the Sapindaceae on the other hand. 
Fructification of Juniperus.§ — Mr. J. G. Jack states that, in America, 
the fruit of Juniperus communis does not mature until the autumn of the 
third year after flowering ; while, of the two other American species of 
that genus, J. virginiana requires only one year, and J. Sabina var. 
procumbens two years, to mature. By the end of the second autumn the 
galbuli of J. communis have attained to three-fourths or four-fifths of 
their ultimate size ; the seeds are filled with soft milky endosperm. In 
the third spring and summer the endosperm grows firm and solid, and 
by the autumn of the third year the fruit is fully ripe. 
Fruit of Bennettites.jl — M. 0. Lignier describes in detail the fruit 
of Bennettites Morierei (formerly known as Williamsonia Morierei ), which 
he considers fully establishes the separation of the Beunettiteae as an 
independent family of Gymnosperms distinct from the Cycadeae. 
He further describes a remarkable transformation of the epiderm of 
* Rev. Gen. de Bot. (Bonnier), v. (1893) pp. 474-9 (l pi.). 
: t Abhandl. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, xiiii. (1893) pp. 310-34. 
, x Journ. de Bot. (Morot), vii. (1893) pp. 377-82, 409-16 (1 pi.). 
§ Bot. Gazette, xviii. (1893) pp. 369-75 (1 pi.). 
II Comptes Rendus, cxvii. (1893) pp. 867-9 ; cxviii. (1894) pp. 158-9. 
