ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
381 
detail. Tlie daughter-nuclei divide in the same manner as the parent- 
nucleus. The four nuclei thus produced pass at once to the base of the 
basid and present the appearance of fusing together. After a time they 
separate again, pass to the apex of the basid, and place themselves 
immediately at the base of the sterigmata. Previous to their entry into 
the spores the nuclei decrease in size, their outline and network become 
indistinct, and they are hardly distinguishable from the surrounding 
protoplasm. 
The observations on the staining reactions of the nuclei in the various 
stages of division seem to point to the conclusion that a portion of the 
dissolved nucleolar substance is taken up into the chromatic elements as 
fast as the nucleole becomes dissolved. 
Phalloidese.* — Pursuing his investigations on the structure and 
life-history of this group of Fungi, Dr. E. Fischer calls special atten- 
tion to the following points of structure. In Lysurus the glebe lies 
outside the receptacle ; but the first differentiation of the fructification 
agrees with that of Clathrus, and the genus belongs to the Clathreae. 
In Ithyphallus impudicus the pileus is derived only from a single zone 
of tissue, the rudiment of the indusium remaining in the condition of a 
loose weft. In I. Pavenelii the pileus has a chambered structure, and 
there is no indusium. 
In the Clathreae we find a transitional series of forms from the 
clathrate, like Clathrus , to the stalked, with free arms, like Aseroe and 
Calathiscus. In this series the glebe becomes more and more localized, 
between the condition in Clathrus , where it occupies the whole of the 
space enclosed by the receptacle, and that in Calathiscus , where it 
surrounds only the border of the mouth of the stipe. The transitional 
forms occur especially in Australia. 
The affinity of the Clathreae on their lower side appears to be with 
the Hymenogastreae through Hysterangium ; there are no transitional 
forms between the Phalleae and the Clathreae. These two groups are 
distinct series springing respectively from Hysterangium and probably 
Hymenogaster , and reaching their highest development, the one in Aseroe 
and Calathiscus , the other in Ithyphallus and Dictyophora. 
Position of Pompholyx.j — M. A. de Janczewski has examined the 
structure and development of Pompholyx sapidum , the white truffle of 
Bohemia, and considers it to belong to the Gasteromycetes, the genus 
being nearly allied to Phlyctospora, from which it differs in the absence 
of the hyaline cells surrounding the spores. 
Protophyta. 
a. Scliizopliyceee. 
Scenedesmus. — As the result of culture experiments M. E. de 
WildemanJ reduces the known species of Scenedesmus to six well-marked 
(divided into two groups of Acuti and Obtusi) and four uncertain s ecies. 
Many of the varieties and even of the species described by authors are 
* Denkschrift. Schweiz. Naturf. Gesell., xxxiii. (1893) 51 pp., 3 pis. audJ5 figs. 
See Bot. Centralbl., lvii. (1894) p. 240. Cf this Journal, 1891, p. 78. 
f Bull. Soc. Mycol. France, 1893, p. 169. See Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xl. (1893), 
Rev. Bibl., p. 151. J La Notarisia, 1893, pp. 85-106 (1 pi.). 
