454 
SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING- TO 
prolonged coitus of tlieir hosts. Syncoelium oviposits in late July and 
early August, when the gills are deserted by the young of B. Candida 
for the basal joints of the cephalothoracic appendages. 
Turbellaria of Liverpool Marine District.* * * § — Mr. F. W. Gamble 
who has already investigated the Turbellaria of Plymouth, has made a 
hasty inspection of those in the Liverpool district. Twenty-eight 
species representing twenty-three genera have been found at Port Erin, 
and of these five are new to Britain. Indeed, it seems that we are only 
beginning to ascertain the richness of this portion of the British fauna. 
An interesting account is given of the observed species. 
Life-history of Holostomidse.f — Prof. M. Braun reports the results 
of a series of feeding experiments conducted by Herren A. and O. 
Ehrhardt. They have shown that Biplostomum volvens v. Nordm., 
abundant in the eyes of Leuciscus rutilis, becomes Hemistomum spathsecum 
Dies, in the food-canal of Larus ridibundus ; Tetracotyle ovata v. Linst., 
common in Acerina cernua , becomes in the same gull Holostomum varie- 
gatum ; Hemistomum excavatum from Ciconia alba comes from a larva in 
Bana temporaria ; Holostomum variabile Nitzsch arises in JJlula aluco 
and Buteo vulgaris from Tetracotyle colubri v. Linst. 
Helminthological Kotes.J" — Dr. v. Linstow describes Tetracotyle 
typica from Limnsea stagnalis and Neplielis vulgaris , Bistomum ( Echino - 
stomum ) pungens n. sp. from Podiceps minor, D. macrolaimus n. sp. from 
Vesper ugo pipistrellus , Tsenia ( Davainea ) spinosissima n. sp. from Turdus 
merula, Filaria ochracea n. sp. in Thymallus ochracea , F. pulicis n. sp. 
in Gammarus pulex, and some other parasites. 
Hew Human Liver Fluke. § — Prof. M. Braun calls attention to the 
species of Bistomum described by Winogradoff as B. sibiricum, and 
expresses his opinion that it is identical with B. felineum of the cat 
and dog. It is, however, a new observation that it invades and has a 
serious effect on the human liver ; in some parts of Kussia it would 
appear to be not rare. 
Valvular Apparatus in Excretory Vessels of Taeniae. II — Herr E. 
Kohler has investigated the distribution of this aj)paratus, in regard to 
which there has been much difference of opinion. In Cysticercoid forms 
(T. solium , T. saginata, T. crassicollis, T. crassiceps, T. polyacantha , T. 
serrata ), the valvular apparatus is present. The parenchymatous tissue 
of the body is continued into it ; the free margin is a structureless 
membrane ; there are no muscular elements. Among cystoid forms the 
conditions are different ; in the short-jointed T. perfoliata there is no 
valvular apparatus; in the Dipylidea ( T \ cucumerina and T. expansa) 
no trace was found ; in the bird-tape w r orms (T. serpentulus and T. guttu- 
rosa') it was likewise sought for in vain ; finally, in T. litterata it is 
well developed. 
* Trans. Liverpool Biol. Soc., vii. (1893) pp. 148-79 (3 pis.). 
f Zool. Anzeig., xvii. (1894) pp. 163-7. 
X Jenaische Zeitschr. f. Naturwiss., xxviii. (1894) pp. 328-42 (2 pis.). 
§ Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Parasitenk., xv. (1894) pp. 602-6. 
|| Zeitsckr. f. wiss. Zool., lvii. (1894) pp. 383-401 (2 pis., 2 figs.). 
