ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
483 
Pallavicinia decipiens.* * * § — Prof. J. B. Farmer describes in detail the 
structure of this species of Hcpaticm from Ceylon — the vegetative organs 
the sexual organs, and the development of the spores. In the latter 
process the course of cell-division differs in some points from what has 
been observed in other cases. Four chromosomes make their appearance 
in the nucleus, preceded by the formation of a quadripolar spindle ; and 
these four divide again into eight, and ultimately into sixteen, four of 
them going to form the nucleus of each spore. The shape of the 
chromosomes is not that of loops, but of rods. Similar processes were 
observed also in a few other Hepaticae. 
Algae. 
Metastasis in Marine Algse.t — According to observations made by 
Herr A. Hansen, the Phasophyceae do not produce starch as the result of 
assimilation, but oil. This was found in the reserve-cells of Taonia 
atomaria , in Asperococcus , Cystosira , and other genera. The oil is sub- 
sequently used up in the growth of the plant. Many Florideae also con- 
tain no starch, but other substances which swell up in water, and are 
coloured brown by iodine and a dark tint by osmic acid, presenting 
certain resemblances to glycogen ; they are nutrient substances produced 
in the chromatophore-cells. In the cells of Gracilaria dura and some 
other Florideae, the author found starch-like grains which were coloured 
red-brown by iodine, becoming violet after heating. He was not able to 
separate the pigment in a pure condition, and believes it to be, in the 
plant, in a state of combination with an albuminoid. An identical 
substance was found in Bryopsis, Taonia , and Dictyota. 
New Genera of Algae. — Prof. J. G. Agardh describes the following 
new genera of Florideae : — EpipTilcea, belonging to the Gigartineae, near 
to Kallymenia ; Gloiophyllis, separated from Bhodophyllis ; Tiarophora , 
probably belonging to the Helminthocladiaceae ; Lophothalia and Lopho- 
cladia, separated from Dasya ; Lenormandia and Sonderia , belonging to 
the Rhodomelaceae. A monograph is given of the genus Dasya , com- 
prising 54 species. Gelinaria is removed from the Solieriaceae, and 
placed between Gorynomorpha and Pacliymenia ; Tyleiophora probably 
belongs to the Sphaerococcoideae, and comes near Tylotus. 
Australian Marine Algse.§ — Among a collection of sea-weeds from 
Australian localities, chiefly Brisbane and Adelaide, Herr E. Askenasy 
describes the little-known Acetabularia Calcyculus , which is but slightly 
encrusted with lime, and contains, in the pedicel and pileus, large 
sphaerocrystals of inulin. It appears to have a perennial base imbedded 
in the mussel-shells on which it grows. The following new species are 
also described and figured : — Sphacelaria biradiata , Callitliamnion ovuli- 
gerum , Cladophora fertilis , Merismopedia revolutiva. 
* Ann. Bot., viii. (1894) pp. 35-52 (2 pis.). 
t Mtthl. Zool. Stat. Neapel, xi. (1893) p. 256. See Bot. Ztg., lii. (1894) 
2 te Abtheil., p. 54. 
+ Lunds Univ. Arsskr., xxvi., 118 pp. and 3 pis. See Bonniei’s Bev. Gen. de 
Bot., vi. (1891) p. 46. Of. this Journal, ante , p. 89. 
§ Flora, lxxviii. (1894) pp. 1-18 (4 pis. and 2 figs.). 
