ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
485 
primary vegetative shoot. A monograph follows of the twenty Scandi- 
navian species of tlio genus, some of which are new, while others have 
been placed under Conferva , Cladopliora , and Spongomorplia. 
Radiofilum, a new Genus of Chlorophyceae.* — Among a collection 
of Algae from the turf-bogs of Yirnheim, Herr W. Schmidle describes a 
new species and genus, Badiofilum conjunctivum , with the following 
generic characters: — Cellul® adult® rotundat® v. subovat®, inter se 
subremot® et ponte vix visibili inter se conjunct®, et ita fila brevia 
fragilia libere natantia formantes. Cellul® singul® reagentiis adhibitis 
massa gelatinosa obvolut® structura non lamellosa sed radianti; con- 
tentus chlorophyllosus ex uno v. rarissimo duobus chlorophoris parie- 
tal ibus, superficiem non plane tegentibus, s®pe caliciformibus constitutus, 
cum uno v. duobus pyrenoidibus. An amended diagnosis is also given 
of Tetracoccus , j and the following new species described : — (Edogonium (?) 
spirogranulatum , Tetracoccus Wildemani, Cosmocladium subramosum, Cos- 
marium regulare, C. subreinschii , Euastrum Bichteri. According to the 
author, the Desmidie® are most abundant in the early part of summer, 
the Palmellace® in the early part of autumn. 
Rejuvenescence in the Siphonese.J — Herr P. Klemm has attempted 
to solve the questions of the mode of rejuvenescence in the thallus of 
the Siphone® and the cause of the movements in the protoplasm, by 
observing the results of artificial injuries. The observations were made 
chiefly on Derbesia and Valonia. He finds an accumulation of chloro- 
plasts to take place at the spot immediately after the wound has been 
inflicted ; but these soon disappear. When the filaments have been 
completely cut through, irregular and globular fibrous structures are 
flung on to the wounded spots with the force of an explosion. The 
causes of the movements in the protoplasm appear to be very com- 
plicated. 
Fungi. 
Sexual Reproduction in Fungi. § — M. P. A. Dangeard gives a re- 
sume of what is at present known with regard to the mode of sexual 
reproduction in the lower classes of Alg® and in Fungi (Ancyliste®, 
Entomophthore®, Peronospore®, Saprolegnie®, Uredine®, and Ustila- 
gine®). 
He describes a process, similar to that already detected in the 
Uredine®, || in several species of Ustilagine® — Ustilago receptaculorum t 
TJ. violacea, Doassansia Alismatis , and Entyloma sp. The cells hitherto 
considered to be spores are, in reality, oogones containing oospheres. 
Each cell contains two nuclei which behave respectively as male and 
female nuclei. These are very small, and frequently have the appear- 
ance only of chromatic spots ; in the most favourable cases an enveloping 
membrane and a nucleole could be detected. When impregnation takes 
place the protoplasm of the oogone contracts, and the two nuclei fuse 
* Flora, lxxviii. (1894) pp. 42-66 (1 pi.). 
t Cf. this Journal, 1892, p. 735. 
4 Flora, lxxviii. (1894) pp. 19-41 (2 pis.). Cf. this Journal, ante, p. 376. 
§ Comptes Rendus, cxvii. (1893) pp. 496-7; cxviii. (1894) pp. 547-9, 1065-6- 
Le Botaniste (Dangeard), iii. (1894) pp. 222-39. 
U Cf. this Journal, 1893, p. 667. 
1894 \ 2 l 
