493 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 
And further, it was found that an injection with a sufficient quantity of 
the living or sterilized cell-substance of any one of these species protected 
against a further intra-peritoneal injection with living cultivations of 
the same or the other species. These observations were corroborated 
and extended by Sobernheim, but controverted by R. Pfeiffer, and the 
author then pursued a similar train of experiments with three other 
pathogenic organisms. 
(1) Bacillus anthracis. 48-hour cultivations on agar at 37° were 
scraped off into tubes containing 5 ccm. of bouillon. To kill any 
spores present the tubes were placed in boiling water for 5 minutes. 
Intra-peritoneal injections were then made with two-thirds of cultivation 
on guinea-pigs. This was repeated twice, the animals remaining 
healthy. After a lapse of 4-5 days, the animals received an intra-peri- 
toneal injection of living agar culture, and died in 48 hours of typical 
anthrax. 
(2) Bacillus dipJilherise. Similar experiments were made with exactly 
the same result. 
(3) Bacillus of fowl cholera. The experiments were on similar 
lines, but rabbits were substituted for guinea-pigs. 
It was obvious, from these experiments, that large quantities of the 
dead cell substances of these pathogenic microbes, when injected into the 
pteritoneal sac, neither excited a disease nor imparted any resistance. 
Hence there is a fundamental difference between the two classes of 
organisms. 
Micro-organisms of Rancid Sutter.* — Dr. Y. von Klecki describes 
five new microbes, which he has isolated from rancid butter, by first 
cultivating on plates, and then transferring to tubes. In every case the 
cultivations were submitted to microscopical examination. They were 
grown in milk-pepton-gelatin, and in milk stained with litmus. Those 
cultivations which had acidified milk were further examined in Petri’s 
capsules, or on ordinary plates. When thoroughly pure they were 
further examined on other media, such as neutral milk-serum-gelatin, 
alkaline meat-extract gelatin, beerwort-gelatin, agar, grape-sugar meat- 
extract bouillon, potato and milk. The mobility was ascertained from 
hanging drop cultivations. 
(1) Bacillus 0 * 4 ju thick and 2 /x long, with rounded ends. White 
growth on gelatin, non-liquefying, acidifies sterilized milk, but does not 
coagulate it. Is called B. butyri i. 
(2) Diplococcus frequently forming chains. Diameter about 1 /x. 
Liquefies a gelatinous medium ; growth whitish or yellowish white. 
(3) Bacilli 0*8 fx-1 [x thick, 2 [x long, sometimes running to 
threads 10 [x long. Gelatinous media are not liquefied; growth a 
yellowish-white deposit. In alkaline meat-extract gelatin, spore-forma- 
tion was observed, the ends of the rodlets swelling out to 1 * 5 /x thick, 
so that they assumed an hour-glass form. These spores were easily 
stainable by the usual methods. 
In bouillon and in milk-serum gelatin, a well-marked capsule was 
developed, and in hanging drops, characteristic movements observed. 
This species, also grown on agar and potato, is called B. limbatus butyri. 
Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Parasitenk., xv. (1894) pp. 354-62. 
