570 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 
value ; size, even in adults, may vary witliin 25 per cent. ; the position 
of the rows of couples of setae is a very good specific character ; the 
body-wall is thickened at the sides in the ophidioid group, enabling 
them to move very rapidly in a serpentine manner ; the number of the 
gizzards with the particular segments in which they occur, although 
subject to a considerable amount of individual variation, is to a certain 
extent a good specific character ; a typhlosole is never present. For the 
generative organs the most valuable character is to be found in the 
copulatory pouch. 
The following new species are diagnosed — Moniligaster naduvata- 
mensis from Naduvatam, Nilgiris, 6000 feet ; M. nilamburensis from 
Nilambur, near the sea-level; ill. pellucida , ill. cblorina, and M. opJiidi- 
oides from Ootacamund ; the ophidioid forms are all strong and active, 
and the body when at rest is somewhat flattened ; they live in swamps 
and wet ground, and there seems to be a marked tendency towards 
making hybrids ; ill. parva was found at Ootacamund. The author 
concludes with some notes on previously described species. 
jB. Nemathelmintlies, 
Nematodes and Sugar Cane.* * * § — Mr. N. A. Cobb gives an account of 
the round worms found in fields in which sugar cane is grown in New 
South Wales. Thirty species belonging to fourteen genera were found ; 
of the latter there are three that are new — Brachynema (B. obtusa sp. n.) 
combines some of the characteristics of Tylenchus , Onyx , and Dorylaimus ; 
Neonchus (N. longicauda sp. n.) possibly stands between Mononchus and 
the spear-bearing genera ; Chaolaimus (C. jpellucidus sp. n.) is described 
from a single immature female. No one species was found in sufficient 
numbers to justify the fear that it does any serious amount of damage, 
and not one was seen that appeared to be parasitic. 
Conducting Element in the Muscle-fibres of Ascaris.f — Professor 
S. Apathy recently described his discovery of primitive fibrils, which 
enter into the muscle-fibres of Ascaris , in part traverse them, and are 
continued into the subcuticular layer. He regarded these as the con- 
ducting elements. Dr. E. Eohde J has advanced four reasons for reject- 
ing this discovery, to which Apathy in turn responds. 
Eilariosis in Europe, § — Dr. M. Font y Torne describes the first 
known case of Filaria sanguinis hominis occurring in Europe. The 
sporadic case occurred at Canet de Mar, between Barcelona and the 
French frontier. The whole subject of Filariosis is also discussed. 
Helminthological Notes. |] — Sig. P. Sonsino describes from the in- 
testine of Chamseleo vulgaris two new species of Bistomum (D. sanguineum 
and B. tacapense) and an uncertain Nematode. He found B. tacapense 
also in the intestine of the edible frog and toad. In the frog were also 
found, Nematoxys commutatus (in the intestine), Bhabdonema nigroveno- 
* ‘Plant Diseases and their Eemedies’ (Department of Agriculture, Sydney) 
1893, 8vo, pp. 31-56, figs. 29-46. 
t Arch. f. Mikr. Anat., xliii. (1894) pp. 886-911 (1 pi.). 
+ Zool. Anzeig., xvii. (1894) pp. 38-47. 
§ Ex. Piev Ciencias Medicas Barcelona, Nos. 4 and 5, 1894, 20 pp. (1 ph, 1 fig.). 
,1 Atti Soc Tosc. Sci. Nat., ix. (1894) pp. 110-16. 
