584 
SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 
Iris previous conclusions. True cellulose he finds only in very small 
quantities in the cell-walls of the seeds of the blue lupin. Gilson’s 
paramannan is probably a product of mannose-cellulose resulting from 
the absorption of water. The author proposes a classification of the 
carbohydrates contained in the cell-wall — cellulose, hemi-celluloses, 
mucus-yielding substances, and amyloid, forming members of a series 
which pass into one another through intermediate forms. He limits the 
term cellulose to the substance which yields dextrose ; including under 
the term hemi-celluloses all the rest with the exception of the mucus- 
yielding substances and amyloid. Under hemi-celluloses must also be 
included mannose-cellulose, the substance which yields xylose, and 
Reiss’s reserve-cellulose. 
Cuticular Formations.* * * § — Herr K. Schips describes some peculiar 
outgrowths of the cuticle in the fruit of Hohdea japonica (Liliaceae). 
They differ from most similar structures in belonging exclusively to 
the last-formed layer, in not projecting into the lateral walls of the 
epidermal cells, and in remaining isolated instead of forming a con- 
nected network. 
C2) Otlier Cell-contents (including- Secretions!. 
Chromatophores. j — Dr. A. Zimmermann sums up the present state 
of our knowledge on this subject, referring to all the recent treatises 
on it. The results are classified under the following heads : — The finer 
structure of the chromatophores : the chemical and physical properties of 
their pigments (carotin, xanthin, phycoerythrin, phycophaein. peridinin, 
&c.) ; the substances enclosed within the chromatophores (starch-grains, 
protein-crystalloids, leucosomes) ; the pyrenoids ; the metamorphoses 
of the chromatophores ; the mode of their formation and multiplication. 
Special details are then given with regard to the structure of the 
chromatophores in the following classes : — Diatomaceoe, Cyanophycese, 
Zygnemacese, Yolvocacese, Hydrodictyaceae, Ulotrichaceae, Cladophoracese, 
Botrydiaceae, Ectocarpacese, Florideae, Filicineae, and Selaginellaceae. 
Chlorophyll-grains in Seeds and Seedlings. — From observations 
made on Helianthus and Lupinus , M. A. Famintzin J asserts that the 
ripe seed always contains chromatophores which have only to become 
green during germination to produce the chlorophyll-grains in the 
seedling. They lie partly in the spaces between the aleur one-grains, and 
partly on their surface and on that of the cell-nucleus. The chlorophyll 
is formed from a yellow chromogen present in the chromatophores of the 
seed. Derived from the same chromogen, he finds, in the seed of Heli- 
anthus y two new pigments, soluble in water, one yellow, the other green. 
They are nearly allied to xanthophyll and chlorophyllin. 
M. E. Belzung § corrects a misstatement of Famintzin with regard to 
his own observations, and states that the chromatophores of the mature 
seed are invariably formed from pre-existing starch. 
* Beitr. z. Morph, u. Phys. d. Pflanzenzelle (Zimmermann), i. (1893) pp. 318- 
22 (5 figs.)- t Bot. Centralbl., 1894, Beih., pp. 90-101. 
X Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg, xxxvi. pp. 75-88 (1 pi.). 
§ Journ. de Bot. (Morot), viii. (1894) pp. 156-9. 
