ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. G01 
than eight spores, usually one to four ; (2) Sporanges terminal ; sporan- 
gioles 16-20 p with more than eight spores, usually with a columel and 
partial swelling of the membrane ; (3) Terminal sporanges only ; (4) 
Sporangioles only ; (5) Mycele without either sporanges or sporangioles ; 
(6) Mycele with zygosperms. 
Classification of the Pyrenomycetes.* * * * — M. A. de Jaczewski pro- 
poses the classification of the genera belonging to this vast order of 
Fungi under nineteen families. The Hysteriacese are included ; while 
the Sordariaceae and Hypocreaceae are suppressed as distinct families. 
The author adopts Brefeld’s classification of the Ascomycetes, dividing 
them first into the Exoasci and Carpoasci, and the latter again into 
the Angiocarpae (Gymnoasci, Pyrenomycetes) and Hemiangiocarpae 
(Discomycetes). 
Parasitic Fungi. — M. L. Trabut | describes a disease of the beet 
caused by a fungus belonging to the Ustilagineae, Entyloma leproidemi 
sp. n. 
A new disease of the vine which has recently appeared in France is 
attributed by M. L. Kavaz 1 to Botrytis cinerea. 
Herr P. Magnus § finds a new species of Phragmidium,, which he 
names P. circumvallatum, parasitic on Geum heterocarpum in Kurdistan, 
probably belonging to the same cycle of development as Cseoma circum- 
vallatam. He describes also a number of other parasitic fungi from 
Eastern Europe, and corrects previous observations with regard to the 
teleutospores of Puccinia Smyrnii. 
According to Mr. N. B. Pierce, j] Cercospora circumscissa is very 
destructive to almond trees in Southern California. 
Under the name Wallenia ichthyophaga sp. n., Herr J. Istvanffi 
describes a parasitic fungus very destructive to the codfish in Norway. 
A disease of barley, which makes its appearance as brown spots on 
the stalk and leaves, is attributed by Dr. K. Bruhne ** * * §§ to a hitherto 
undescribed parasitic fungus, Hormodendron Hordei , belonging to the 
xlscomycetes. It produces several enzymes, but not a diastatic ferment. 
Mr. F. M. Webster tf describes the destructive effects of several 
species of Empusa, including E. sphserosperma, pachyrliinse , and aulicse , 
on the larvae of insects in America. 
Prof. G. F. Atkinson if has successfully cultivated Isaria farinosa, an 
entomogenous fungus, on potato. 
Injuries produced by Gymnosporangium.§§ — Herr P. Wornie de- 
scribes in detail the injuries inflicted on the host by the various species 
* Bull. Soc. Mycol. France, 1894, 13 pp. See Hedwigia, xxxiii. (1894) Rep. p. 52. 
f Comptes Rendus, cxviii. (1894) pp. 1288-9. J Tom. cit., pp. 1289-90. 
§ Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Gesell., xii. (1894) pp. 84-8 (1 pi.). 
|| Journ. of Mycol., vii. (1892) p. 66 (1 pi.). See Hedwigia, xxxiii. (1894) 
Rep., p. 25. 
f SB. K. Ung. Naturw. Gesell. Buda-Pest, Dec. 13, 1893. See Bot. Centralbl., 
Iviii. (1894) p. 197. 
** Beitr. z. Phys. u. Morph, niederer Organismen (Zopf), Heft 4 (1894) 
pp. 1-42 (1 pi.). 
ft Journ. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., xvi. (1894) pp. 173-7. 
ft Bot. Gazette, xix. (1894) pp. 129-35 (3 pis.). 
§§ Forstl. Naturw. Zeitschr., 1894, pp. 68 and 129 (1 fig.). See Hedwigia, xxxiii. 
(1894) Rep., p. 84. 
