ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
603 
sugar and others it developes badly or not at all. Tlio best medium was 
acidulated malt-wort to which 3-5 per cent, of glucose or laevulose had 
been added. On this there was lively fermentation with production of a 
peculiar odour and taste. The alcohol distilled off was ordinary ethyl- 
alcohol. The fermentation time is about twelve times as long as that 
of ordinary beer or wine yeast, and the amount of alcohol small, being 
not more than 0 • 7 per cent. 
Lactomyces inflans caseigrana.* * * § — Dr. N. Bochiccliio has discovered 
a yeast in Lombardy cheese which is called from its general characters 
Lactomyces inflans caseigrana. This organism decomposes various 
sugars, especially lactose, developes large quantities of gas, and hence is 
able to make cheese disagreeably spongy. It developes with the greatest 
ease on any media, and lives even in sterilized water or on gypsum blocks. 
On gelatin the colonies are white, smooth, circular, often some milli- 
metres in diameter ; the gelatin is not liquefied. 
The individual cells are oval, elliptical, spheroidal, or rod-like, 
5 fx long and 3 fi broad, their investing membrane is easily seen, and 
occasionally a nucleus and vacuoles. They are easily stained, and are not 
decolorized by Gram’s method. On saccharated media, with free access 
of air and at 20°— 30° or even 40°, the organism attains its highest develop- 
ment, while the odour of fermenting must is clearly perceptible. Milk 
is slowly coagulated, and the coagulum in its turn partially liquefied. 
If inoculated in fresh healthy milk from which a hard cheese is made, 
the cheese soon becomes spongy from the presence of large holes, 
especially in its surface portions. Whey is converted into a frothy fluid 
with a not disagreeable taste. 
History of Development of the Uredineae.t — Herr J. Schroter pro- 
poses the term “ species sorores ” for any two species of Uredineae which 
are regarded as distinct simply because, in a certain stage, they inhabit 
different host-plants, but which exhibit no clear morphological difference. 
In this way Puccinia coronata consists of at least two “ species sorores,” 
as also does P. Phragraitis , one of its “ species sorores ” inhabiting, in 
its aecidio-form, the large-leaved species of Bumex , the other (P. Treylii) 
growing on Bumex acetosa. Similar phenomena recur in species of 
Coleosjporium. 
Alternation of Generations in the Uredinese.J — Herr P. Dietel 
brings forward several instances in which the ordinary alternation of 
generations in the Uredineae is suspended, one aecidio-generation being 
produced directly from another. This occurs in Puccinia Senecionis , 
Uromyces Ervi , and probably in other species also. 
Teleuto spores of Uredine8e.§ — Herr P. Dietel describes the process 
of the swelling of the pedicel of the teleutospores in many Uredineae 
which facilitates the detachment of the spores. The details of the 
process vary in a variety of ways, and are especially described in the 
* Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Parasitenk., xv. (1894) pp. 546-52 (3 figs.); and 
Ann. de Micrographie, vi. (1894) pp. 165-77 (3 figs.). 
f JB. Schles. Ges. Yaterl. Cultur, 1893 (1894) 2 te Abtheil., pp. 31-2. 
t Zeitschr. f. Pflanzenkrankheiten, iii. (1893) pp. 258-66. See Bot. Centralbl., 
lvii. (1894) p. 44. 
§ Jahrb. f. wiss. Bot. (Pringsheim), xxvii. (1894) pp. 49-81 (1 pi.). 
