ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
605 
Herr Jessner, * on the other hand, while identifying A. atacton and 
eutythrix, regards A. dikroon and Schoenleinii as distinct species. It is 
possible, however, that the different species may have the same origin, 
and may be the final products of a metamorphosis, the result of the 
influence of varying vital conditions. 
M. J. Costantin j has established, by culture experiments, the specific 
distinctness of the favus of the fowl, Epidermophyton Gallinse , from that 
of man, Achorion Schoenleinii . The spores of the former are chlamydo- 
spores, analogous to those of Hypomyces. 
Fossil Fungi. — M. R. FerryJ gives an account of the appearance of 
Fungi in geological formations, beginning with the Carboniferous, and a 
list of the species hitherto described, distributed among forty-one genera. 
To these Mr. J. F. James makes some additions. 
Mr. R. Herzer § has found, in the Coal-measures of Ohio, a fossil 
fungus which he makes the type of a new genus, and describes as 
Bactyloporus archseus g. et sp. n. It appears to be intermediate between 
Agaricus and Polyporus. 
Protophyta. 
a. Schizophyceee. 
Snow-flora of Spitzbergen.|| — Prof. G. v. Lagerheim enumerates and 
describes the forms of vegetable life found in a gathering from Spitz- 
bergen. They consist of one species each of the genera Bichatia , 
Aphanocapsa ( A . nivalis sp. n.), Phormidium , and Pleurococcus, two 
species of Hormiscia , and an unidentified diatom. 
Development of Dictyosphserium.lT — Prof. W. Zopf has traced out 
the development of a colony of Bictyosphserium. The gonids, as soon as 
they become detached, become sporanges, their contents dividing into 
two, three, or four daughter-gonids. The sporange bursts at the apex 
into a star-shaped structure, each arm having a gonid attached to its 
extremity. This process is repeated several times, and the branched 
colony formed, the bands into which the wall of the sporange splits 
acquiring more and more the form of threads. 
The author believes Bictyosphserium to be nearly allied to Sciadium } 
and possibly also to Cosmocladium , Oocardium , and Actidesmium. He 
groups these genera under a new family, which he names Sciadiace^e, 
characterized by a differentiation of base and apex ; the colony is either 
permanently attached by the base or ultimately free-swimming. 
Development of Raphidium.** — According to Prof. R. Chodat, Baphi- 
dium has a fixed condition in which it strongly resembles a Characium. 
In this state the products of division of the mother-cell escape from its 
apex in a manner similar to the zoospores of Sciadium. They become 
* Berl. Klin. Wochenschr., 1893. See Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Parasitenk., xv. 
(1894) p. 71. 
t Bull. Soc. My col. Prance, 1893, p. 166. See Bot. Centralbl., 1894, Beih., p. 62. 
t Rev. Mycol., 1893, pp. 54-6. See J. F. James in Journ. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. 
Hist., xvi. (1893) pp. 94-100. 
§ Amer. Geol., xii. pp. 219-90 (1 ph). See Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, xx. (1893) 
p. 494. [| La Nuova Notarisia, v. (1894) pp. 650-4 (1 fig.). 
^ Beitr. z. Phys. u. Morph, niederer Organismen (Zopf), Heft 3 (1893) pp. 15-25 
(1 pi. and 1 fig.). ** Ann. Sci. Phys. et Nat., xxxi. (1894) pp. 387-8. 
1894 2 T 
