ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
6 75 
Diptera destructive of Cereals.* — Dr. P. Marchal notes that we are 
far from knowing all the Diptera which ruin cereals. Of those observed 
at the Paris Entomological Station in 1894: he records : — Cecidomyia 
destructor Say, Cecidomyia ( Diplosis ) tritici Kirb., Oscinis pusilla, Chlorous, 
Camarota jiavitarsis Meig., and Elachiptera cornuta Meig. 
Anatomy of Phylloxeridse-t — Dr. L. Dreyfus has many criticisms to 
make as regards Krassilstschik’s contributions to the classification and 
comparative anatomy of the Phytophthires. Dreyfus’s subdivision of 
the Phytophthires into Coccidee, Phylloxeridae, Aphidse, and Psyllida) 
was adopted without due acknowledgment ; a form nearly related to 
Psyllidae must be taken as the starting point for the group of Phyto- 
phthires ; the Phylloxeridaa are in many points degenerate, e. g. in the 
absence of Malpighian tubules. Furthermore, Dreyfus has to correct 
Krassilstschik’s account of the structure of the suctorial apparatus, the 
salivary pump, the head framework and muscles, the tracheal system, the 
pseudo-vitellus and fat cells, the digestive organs, and so on. But, as 
Dr. Dreyfus says, it is hopeless to describe such things without diagrams. 
Larva of Oncodes.J — Herr A. Konig describes the larvae of Oncodes 
gibbosus, or 0. zonatus , one of the Acroceridse. The larvae have not 
been carefully described except in advanced stages, when they occur as 
endoparasites in the cocoons or bodies of spiders. They measured 
*3- *4 mm. in length, were dark brown, almost black, in colour, had 
eleven segments without a distinct head, and bore numerous bristles. 
The metapneustic respiratory system, the modification of the last 
segment for fixing and springing, and the complicated mouth-parts, are 
described. 
Heart of Orthoptera.§ — M. A. Kowalevsky states that, in addition 
to the venous clefts which open into the pericardial chamber, there are 
in the Orthoptera a series of openings by which the heart is put into 
direct communication with the circum-intestinal region of the coelom. 
In PacJiytilus, Locusta and others there are five pairs of openings, which 
are arranged symmetrically in the five abdominal segments in such a 
way that the cardiac chambers of these segments have each four openings 
— two by which they receive the blood of the pericardial region, and two 
by which they obtain that of the circum-intestinal region ; all these 
openings are believed to be venous. 
The apertures now described for the first time may be seen by the 
naked eye if the heart is looked at from below ; it is proposed to call 
them cardio-coelomic clefts to distinguish them from the long known 
cardio-pericardial clefts. 
A remarkable discovery is the fact that a Malpighian tube penetrates 
into the heart by a cardio-coelomic aperture, leaves by a cardio- 
pericardial aperture, and penetrates into the pericardial chamber. 
&. Myriopoda. 
Classification of Iulidse. || — Dr. C. Verhoeff proposes a revised 
classification* of Iulidae. He recognizes five genera : — Micropodoiulus 
* Comptes Rendus, cxix. (1894) pp. 496-9. 
f Zool. Anzeig., xvii. (1894) pp. 205-8, 221-35, 237-43 (2 pis.). 
X Verh. Zool.-bofc. Ges. Wien, xliv. (1894) pp. 163-6 (1 pi.). 
§ Comptes Rendus, cxix. (1894) pp. 409-11. 
|1 Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xliv. (1894) pp. 137-62 (2 pis., 6 figs.). 
