36 
SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 
America, and are found only in fresh water, the first named usually in 
shallow or stagnant lakes and ponds, or in running water, the last in 
clear deep lakes. Of the two species of Linmocalanus , one, L. sinensis, 
occurs in China in fresh water only, the other, L. macrurus Sars, is known 
in America only in fresh water, hut in Europe and Asia occurs both 
in fresh and salt water lakes, and in the ocean. Mr. Schacht discusses 
the structural similarities and differences indicative of the relationships 
of these three genera with one another and with Diaptomus. He regards 
Osphranticum as the most primitive form, Epischura as the most modi- 
fied, while the other two occupy an intermediate position. Keys, and full 
descriptions of all the species are given. 
Annul at a. 
Post-larval Stages of Arenicola. — M. Pierre Fauvel * brings forward 
further evidence in support of the conclusion which he maintained at 
the International Congress of Zoologists at Cambridge, that the genera 
Clymenides and BrancMomaldane represent post-larval stages of lob- 
worms. Three stages are distinguishable: — (1) that represented by 
Clymenides incertus Mes. = Arenicola ( BrancMomaldane ) Vincenti Lgh. ; 
(2) that represented by Cly. sulfureus Clp. = Benham’s stage = A. 
marina L. ; (3) Cly. ecaudatus Mes. = BrancMomaldane stage = A. 
ecaudata Jhnst. It remains to find the Clymenides and BrancMomaldane 
stages of A. Gnibii Clp. 
M. Felix Mesnil | maintains that Arenicola brancMalis Aud. et Edw. 
(= A. GmbH Clp.) is quite distinct from A. ecaudata Jhnst. (== A. 
Boeckii Ratke) ; that Clymenides ecaudatus is the young abranchiate form 
of A. ecaudata ; and that BrancMomaldane Vincenti is an adult herma- 
phrodite Annelid. 
Hephridia of Glycera and Goniada.| — Mr. E. S. Goodrich describes 
the “ nephridial complex ,J in Glycera convolutus, G. siphonostoma, and 
G. unicornis. It consists of the nephridium, the closely associated 
ciliated organ, and a peculiar organ, the nephridial sac. The most 
remarkable point is the occurrence of peculiar nephridial cells bearing 
a tube aud a flagellum, somewhat similar in structure to those which 
the author previously described in Neplitliys. For these he proposes 
the term solenocyte. There seems to be no communication of the lumen 
of the nephridium with the coelom, either directly or indirectly, through 
the nephridial sac, in any of the species of Glycera. 
“ It would appear that the ciliated organ and nephridial sac are con- 
cerned in the gathering up, through the agency of phagocytes, of the 
solid waste products found in the coelom, whilst the function of the 
nephridium is to eliminate the soluble excretory material derived from 
the coelomic fluid, and also perhaps from the sac. The function of the 
’solenocytes or tube-bearing cells themselves is possibly analogous to that 
of the Malpighian capsules in the Vertebrates, namely to excrete liquid, 
which presumably can pass by osmosis through the thin wall of the tube.” 
The author also describes the nephridial complex of Goniada emerita 
and G. maculata, where, as in Nephthys and Glycera, the nephridium is 
* Comptes Eenclus, cxxvii. (1898) pp. 733-5. 
t Zool. Anzeig., xxi. (1898) pp. 630-8 (5 figs.). 
X Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., xli. (1898) pp. 439-57 (4 pis.). 
