ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
59 
The leaves arc monostromatic, with distinct bundle-elements. All the 
species of this tropical family, the Cyathophoreae, are dioecious, both 
male and female inflorescences occurring in the axil of lateral leaves. 
Under the term maculae, ( MaJceln ), the author describes peculiar organs 
which occur on the aerial stem and rhizome of Cyatliophorum pennatum, 
G. Adiantum, and Spiridens Veillardii : — large round white dots arranged 
in two regular rows. Their function was not determined, but they are 
probably water-storing organs. 
Elaters of Hepaticse.* — Herr Z. Kamerling points out that, while 
the mechanical principle is always the same in the following kinds of 
movement, — the bending of the teeth of the peristome of mosses, tho 
bursting of the anther-lobe and of the sporange of ferns, — the move- 
ments of the elaters of Hepaticae depend on quite different principles in 
different cases: — (1) They may be caused by a shrinking of the mem- 
brane or of special layers of the membrane, as in the peristome of mosses 
(. Dendroceros , some species of Anthoceros ) ; (2) The movement may be 
one of cohesion ; this is much the most common ; (3) The movement is 
brought about by the drying up of the thinner portions of the cell- wall 
tangentially more strongly than other portions (some species of Antho- 
ceros) ; (4) The movement may be described as passive, not dependent 
directly on the structure of the parts themselves, but on an external 
cause brought about by movements in other parts ( Frullania ). 
In Dendroceros the elater consists of a single very long spiral band. 
In Anthoceros there are no less than three different types of elater. 
Algae. 
Perforating Algae, f — From a study of the littoral algae of the Lake 
of Geneva, Prof. K. Chodat classifies those which have the power of 
penetrating solid substances into two groups, the perforating and tho 
corroding algae, of which the former, fixed to the shells of bivalves, are 
much the less common. To this group belongs a new genus Foreliella, 
represented by F. perforans g. et sp. n., with the following generic 
diagnosis : — Filaments straight, branching dicliotomously, slender, grow- 
ing vertically into the calcareous shells of Anodonta ; at the outer surface 
more branched, and terminating in inflated cells connected into a pseudo- 
parenchyme ; sporanges terminal, without starch ; cells of the filaments 
10-11 times as long as broad, containing starch-grains; chromatophores 
parietal, furnished with starch-grains. 
Gongrosira codiolifera and Hyella jurana spp. nn. are also described. 
Development of the Florideae.j — From a careful examination of 
several of the higher Floridem — especially Dudresnaya purpurifera , 
D. coccinea , Gloeosiphonia capillaris, Gallithamnion corymbosum , Dasya 
elegans — Prof. F. Oltmanns contests F. Schmitz’s view that a double act 
of impregnation takes place in the Florideae. The only act of fer- 
tilisation is the fusion between the male nucleus of the pollinoid and 
the female nucleus of the carpogonc, resulting in the production of 
“ the sporogenous nucleus ” ; and the development of this sporogenous 
• Flora, lxxxv. (1898) pp. 157-69 (7 figs.). 
t Bull. Herb. Boissier, vi. (1898) pp. 434-56 (3 figs.). 
X Bot. Ztg., lvi. (1898) !*• Abth„ pp. 99-140 (4 pis., 1 fig.). 
