ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
167 
Morphology of Craspedomonads.* * * § — J. Kunstler seeks to show that 
the structure of these remarkable forms is not essentially different from 
that of other Flagellates. The anterior cavity, instead of being a simple 
flagelliferous cup, has been modified into a funnel of relatively large 
size. On the other hand, the spiral plate of the Craspedomonads ends 
in a simple buccal surface, while in other Flagellates there is an oeso- 
phageal tube or even a complex pouch. 
Flagellata of the Upper Rhine.f — Dr. E. Lauterborn begins the 
fourth of his “ Studies on Protozoa ” with the remark that the meagre- 
ness of our knowledge of fresh-water forms is made plain enough by the 
fact that he has found five new genera of Flagellata in a limited area and 
(with one exception) within two years. The present instalment describes 
Sphseroeca Volvox , Bicosoeca socialis , Thaumatonema setiferum, Hyalobryon 
ramosum , Chrysosphserella longispina , Mesostigma viride , Vacuolaria de- 
pressa , and Gymnodinium tenuissimum. These eight species are all due 
to Lauterborn. 
Rhizopods and Heliozoa of Eresh-watcr Plankton. :J— Dr. 0. Zacha- 
rias notes that members of five species of Ehizopods and five species of 
Heliozoa are frequent and fairly constant components of the plankton 
in the lakes and ponds of the Plon region. The former are : — Dacty - 
losphserium radiosum Ehrb., Difflugia hydrostatica Zach., Cyphoderia 
ampulla Ehrb., Diplophrys Archeri Bark., and Chrysamoeba radians 
Klebs ; the latter are Actinophrys sol Ehrb., Acanthocystis viridis Ehrb. 
(= A. turfacea Cart.), A. conspicua Zach., A. Lemani Penard, and JRha- 
phidiophrys pallida F. E. Schulze. In small and shallow ponds the list 
of Ehizopods must be considerably extended. The author also notes 
Garbini’s report of the occurrence of Difflugia cyclotellina and Hetero- 
phrys Pavesii in Lago Maggiore. 
Coccidian of Octopus.§ — M. Michel Siedlecki gives a very full ac- 
count of Klossia octopiana , whose life-history may be summed up as 
follows. The sporozoites, emerging from the sporocytes, penetrate into 
the cells of the intestinal wall, and are there transformed into undiffer- 
entiated adults. Among these some undergo a multiple nuclear division, 
and give origin to male elements or microgametes , while the others ex- 
hibit certain nuclear changes and take on the characters of female ele- 
ments or macrogametes. After the union of a microgamete with a macro- 
gamete, the latter surrounds itself with a membrane and becomes an 
oocyst, while its nucleus (including male and female chromatin bodies) 
multiplies superficially by a succession of equal divisions, slightly sug- 
gestive of mitoses. Around each of the new nuclei a cytoplasmic body is 
gathered, and the sporocysts are thus produced. In the interior of each 
sporocyst, three or four sporozoites are formed, and the cycle is complete. 
It differs from that of other Coccidia in the absence of cellular multipli- 
cation (merozoite stage of Simond, eimerian stage of Leger) preceding 
the formation of the macrogametes. This simplification is interpreted 
in relation to the facility with which auto-infection seems to occur. 
* Comptes Rendus, cxxvii. (1898) pp. 1232-4. 
t Zeitschr. wiss. Zool., lxv. (1899) pp. 369-91 (2 pis.). Cf. this Journal, 1898, 
p. 203. X Zool. Anzeig., xxii. (1899) pp. 49-53. 
§ Ann. Inst. Pasteur, xii. (1898) pp. 799-836 (3 pis.). 
