392 
SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 
Annul at a. 
Notes on Hsementeria.* — A. Kowalevsky has made a special study 
of Hsementeria ( Clepsine ) costata, and be points out that the “unpaired 
gland” which H. Bolsius has described in H. officinalis is the heart. 
He also notes that this leech is proterandrous, and that there is an ex- 
change of spermatophores in which the male orgaus alone are concerned, 
at a period when the female organs are still rudimentary. Ho believes 
that a similar phenomenon occurs in other Hirudinea. 
Ciliated Organs of Hsementeria officinalis.j — Prof. H. Bolsius 
notes that in this leech the ciliated organs occur in two positions: — 
(a) beside the nerve-cord (as in Clepsine) ; and (b) in a lateral lacuna 
(as in Nephelis). 
Sense-organs of Bhynchobdellidae.J — Prof. Leydig protests against 
the description by Herr Emil Baytr § of certain peculiar epidermal 
sense-organs in leeches as “ new,” as he himself described those iu 
Clepsine in 1885 in ‘ Zelle und Gewebe.’ Further, Prof. Leydig does 
not agree with all the statements made by Bayer. Jn Clepsine , when 
the “ goblet organs ” are studied in the living animal, they are seen to 
be surrounded by a space which is an outgrowth of the lateral blood- 
vessel. In this respect they are comparable to the similar structures 
in the skin of bony fishes. In Aulostomum , structures apparently related 
to the goblet organs occur in the epithelium of the stomach, so that these 
structures are not confined to the skin. 
Nerve-cells of Annelids. || — Mr. P. Calvin Mensch has a short note 
on the connection between tire hypodermis and the ventral nerve-cord in 
the Syllidae. His observations on Autolytus confirm those of other authors 
as to the difficulty of distinguishing between the nerve-cells and the cells 
of the hypodermis ; but he finds that in Procera ornata and P. tardigrada 
there is a great development of mucous cells, which insinuate themselves 
between hypodermis and nerve-cord, and render it easy to distinguish 
between their respective cells. This is, however, the case only in certain 
regions of the body ; in the head, and posteriorly where glands are absent, 
the two structures are indistinguishable. 
The Paiolo Worm, Eunice viridis Gr.f — Prof. E. Ehlers was 
requested by Dr. Friedlander to investigate his “paiolo” material, and 
as a result has come to the conclusion that the worm is Eunice viridis 
Gr., and not a species of Lysidice. It is specially characterised by a 
form of epitoky different from any hitherto described in Polychaetes. 
An apparently complete worm measured (in spirit) 812 mm. Of this 
length 105 mm. constituted the broad anterior atokous region, the 
remainder the narrow epitokous region. The atokous region is pale 
coloured, the epitokous dark bluish-green or brown, the colour depending 
on the presence of the genital products. The epitokous region is further 
marked by dark brown circular spots — the ventral “ eyes.” The special 
* Comptes Rendus, cxxviii. (1899) pp. 1185-8. 
t Zool. Anzeig., xxii. (1899) p. 210. J Tom. cit., pp. 97-100. 
§ Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool., lxiv. (1898). Cf. this Journal, 1898, p. 629. 
|| Zool. Anzeig., xii. (1899) pp. 164-7 (1 fig.). 
Nachricht. k. Ges. Wiss. Gottingen, 1898, pp. 400-15. 
