ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
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■and of aquatic or paludose plants. To the former belong a number of 
saprophytic genera. 
Structure of Heliamphora.* * * § — Herr S. Krafft describes the structure 
of this genus of Sarraceniaceae in relation to the root, rhizome, bracts, 
ascidia, assimilating leaves, inflorescence, and the peculiar glands of the 
genus. 
Structure of Cynomorium coccineum.f — Prof. P. Baccarini and 
Dr. P. Caunarella describe various points in the structure and biology 
•of Cynomorium coccineum , a parasite belonging to the Balanophoracese. 
No mycorhiza could be detected in the living cells. 
/3. Physiologry. 
(1) Reproduction and Embryology. 
Impregnation of Lilium and Fritillaria. — Prof. S. Nawaschin J has 
made some very remarkable observations on the mode of impregnation in 
Lilium Martagon and Fritillaria tenella. When the two nuclei of the 
pollen-tube enter the embryo-sac, they assume a cylindrical or fusiform 
shape, and exhibit one or two spiral coils. Although not provided with 
cilia, he believes them to be possessed of a power of motility. One of 
the two pollen-tube nuclei fuses with the oosphere or ovum-cell, while 
the other applies itself closely to one of the two polar nuclei which have 
not yet coalesced to form the secondary central nucleus of the embryo- 
sac. Coalescence afterwards takes place between these two and the 
other polar nucleus, but not until the completion of the propbasis stage 
of the first division. The formation of the endosperm-cells then at once 
commences, and it is not until eight endosperm nuclei have been produced 
that the fusion of the other pollen-nucleus with the oosphere takes 
place. 
M. L. Guignard§ has obtained similar results with Lilium Martagon. 
He claims for the two generative nuclei of the pollen-tube the term 
u antherozoid.” The fusion of one of these vermiform nuclei, usually 
the hindermost, with the oosphere, and that of the other one with one of 
the polar nuclei, most commonly the upper one, takes place as described 
by Nawaschin ; but the union of one of the male nuclei with one of the 
polar nuclei of the embryo-sac is not regarded by Guignard as a true 
process of impregnation ; he terms it an act of “ pseudo-fecundation.” 
These observations appear to point to a still further connecting link 
between the mode of impregnation in the higher Cryptogams and that in 
Angiosperms. 
Miss Ethel Sargant || confirms the main points of Nawaschin and 
GuigDard’s observations in the case of Lilium Martagon. 
Oogenesis in Pinus Laricic.^T— Prof. C. J. Chamberlain’s observa- 
tions on the fertilisation and embryology of Pinus Laricio confirm in 
* ‘ Beitr. z. Kenntn. d. Sarraeeniaceen-Galtung Heliamphora,’ Miinchen, 1898, 
31 pp. and 21 figs. See Bot. Centralbl., lxxvii. (1899) p. 414. 
f Aiti R. Accad. Lincei, viii. (1899) pp. 317-20. 
X Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg, ix. (1898) No. 4. See Bot. Centralbl., 
lxxvii. (1899) p. 241. 
§ Rev. Gen. de Bot. (Bonnier), xi. (1899) pp. 129-35 (1 pi.). 
|| Proc. Roy. Sue., lxv. (1899) pp. 163-5 (1 tig.). 
Bot. Gazette, xxvii. (1899) pp, 268-80 (1 pi.). 
