ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
489 
Piacentals and those of non-placentals. Thus the genus Moniezia occurs 
in purely herbivorous animals, as in Ruminants and the kangaroo; the 
genus Bertia is found in mammals living on fruits, leaves, and insects, 
as in the Eutherian Galeopithecus and the Marsupials of similar diet 
(. Phascolarctus , Phalanger ). On the other hand, Echidna and Perameles 
are infested by the members of a new genus ( Linstowia ), not yet known 
in Piacentals. 
Scyphocephalus bisulcatus g. et sp. n.* — Dr. Emanuel Riggenbach 
describes under this name a new reptilian Cestode, which is peculiar 
among those Oestodes with bothria in having three suctorial pits. In 
its structure it resembles the members of the family Bothriocephalidae, 
except for the presence of three instead of two pits. The third has a 
circular terminal orifice, and constitutes a very efficient fixing apparatus. 
It is sunk deep in the scolex, and is slightly conical within. The lateral 
pits are as long as the scolex, and form narrow grooves ; their muscu- 
lature is reduced. The form was found in Varanus salvator. 
Macraspis elegans 01sson.f— Herr L. A. Jagerskiold gives a pre- 
liminary account of this remarkable Trernatode parasite of Chimsera 
which Olsson discovered and described in 1869. But Olsson’s de- 
scription, good so far as it went, did not go very far, and Jagerskiold has 
therefore had a free hand in his account of the internal structure of this 
interesting Aspidobothrid. 
Development of Distomum leptostomum Olsson. :J — Dr. Karl Hof- 
mann has investigated a Cercariseum which he found in abundance in 
common species of Helix , Avion , an* I Succinea. He removed the speci- 
mens from the kidney of the snails, and was able to keep them alive for 
some days in a solution made of 90 per cent, normal salt solution, 
10 per cent filtered white of egg, and a trace of camphor. The animals 
were fixed in 5 per cent, corrosive sublimate. Various stains were used, 
especially a modification of Gieson’s method — staining with tetrabrom- 
fluorescein, washing with water, and restaining with calcium triphenyl - 
rosanilintrisuljyhate in concentrated aqueous picric acid for ten minutes, 
then successive treatment with water, alcohol, turpentine, balsam. 
An examination at once showed that the parasites were not all alike, 
some being furnished with spines which were absent in the others. 
The former are specimens of Cercariseum helicis ; for the latter a new 
species — G. spinulosum — must be erected. In their internal structure 
the two agreed very nearly. The structure of the first species is 
described in detail. The young cercarbe creep out of greatly branched 
tubes which ramify through the liver and represent the sporocyst. 
Within the sporocyst lie the young cercarise, which are furnished with 
an appendage homologous with the tail of the free-swimming forms. 
This appendage is usually but not quite invariably lost when the larvae 
leave the sporocyst ; but occasionally cercariae found in the intestine of 
the second host — the hedgehog — still possess it. There is no doubt 
that the D. caudatum of Loos was founded on such abnormal forms. 
To obtain sexually mature specimens, young hedgehogs were fed with 
* Zool. Jahrb. (Abt. Syst.), xii. (1899) pp. 145 -53 (1 pi.). 
f Ofversigt k. Veteusk. Akad Forhandl., lvi. (1899) pp. 197-214 (9 figs.) 
i Zool. Jahrb. (Abt. Syst.), xii. (18 )9) pp. 174-204 (2 pis.). 
