ZOOLOGY ANI) BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 511 
which they are formed a tomiogone ; they may be contained in. tomianges. 
They are not found in vascular plants. 
In Phanerogams the pollen-grains are microdiodes, the pollen-sacs 
microdiodanges ; the nucellus of the ovule is a macrodiodange in which 
the macrodiode stage is suppressed ; the endosperm is the female pro- 
thallium. In the Muscineae the so-called spores, sporange, and sporo- 
gone are respectively tomies, tomiange, and tomiogone, while the 
propagules are the true spores. In the Florideae the tetraspores are 
true spores, while the carpospores are tomies, and the cystocarp a 
tomiogone. 
* Myrmecophilous Plants.* * * § — Herr F. Ludwig gives an enumeration 
of the plants whose seeds are largely disseminated through the agency 
of ants. Among them are Pulmonaria officinalis , Viola, oclorata (fl. alb.), 
and Chelidonium majns. 
Inheritance of Variation in the Corolla of Veronica Bnxbaumii.f — 
Mr. W. Bateson and Miss I). F. M. Pertz thus sum up the results of a 
series of observations on this subject. There was no indication that 
families of plants raised from capsules formed by self-fertilisation of 
abnormal flowers in general showed either greater variability or greater 
percentage of anyone abnormal form than families similarly raised from 
normal flowers on the same plant. On the contrary, the evidence tends 
to show that the self-fertilised offspring of normal and abnormal flowers 
on the whole conform to an equal degree with the general characteristics 
of the parent plant, or more strictly, of the strain or race to which the 
parent belonged. 
B. CRYPTOGrAMIA. 
Muscineae. 
Dehiscence of the Antherid in Muscinese.J — Prof. K. Goebel de- 
scribes the mechanism for the dehiscence of the antherid in several 
typical genera of Musci and Hepaticse. In both families the wall of the 
antherid takes part in the process. This is effected by the separation 
of a strongly intumescent mucilage in its cells, which, from its increase 
in bulk from the absorption of water, causes the opening of the antherid. 
In the Musci, but not in the Hepaticse, there is an additional develop- 
ment in the shape of a definitely localised clehiscence-cap, the function 
of which calls to mind the annulus of the spore-capsule. 
Sporophyte of Eunaria and Mnium.§ — According to Prof. R. H. 
True the calyptra is in these genera of Moss a protective structure, 
chiefly useful in preventing desiccation. After the calyptra breaks loose 
from the gametophyte, growth is confined to the distal end of the sporo- 
phyte, and the growing region, about 2 mm. long, is entirely included by 
the calyptra. In Funaria the cells of the calyptra contain chlorophyll. 
The curvature of the seta results as a response to the stimulus of gravi- 
tation. The direction of the strongest illumination usually determines 
the radius in which the capsule shall fall. 
* Illust. Zeitschr. f. Entomologie, iv. pp. 38-41. See Bot. Centralbl., Ixxviii. 
(1899) p. 370. t Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc., x. (1899) pp. 78-92 (1 pi.). 
X Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, 1898, 2 me Suppl., pp. 65-72. 
§ Proc. Amer. Ass. Adv. Sci., xlvii. (1898) p. 435. 
2 M 2 
