ECONOMIC AND BIOLOGIC NOTES ON THE GIANT 
MIDGE: 
ChIRONOMVS (TEN PIPES 1 ) PLUMOSUS MEIGEN. 
By A. C. Burrill. 
Entomologist’s Office, Madison, Wis. 
CONTENTS. 
Introductory 
Life History Habits 
Swarms, etc., and flight 
Mating; egg-laying 
Breeding ground 
Food of larva 
Pupa and emergence of Imago. 
Adult, vitality and occurrence 
Sounds 
Enemies 
Birds 
Other enemies 
Economic importance, nuisances, etc. 
Remedial measures. 
Bibliography 
INTRODUCTORY. 
Much has been written of the economic importance of the 
mosquitoes ( Culicidw ) in the recent decades, but only in later 
years has entomological literature recorded economic facts about 
their near relatives, the Ckironomince of the family of midges, 
Chironomidce. Most of the bibliography of the latter deals with 
the taxonomy of midges and notes in catalogues. Thus we have 
for C. plumosus a long list: 
Goedart 
1669, pi. x 
Higginson 
1867, 174 
Frisch 
1730, pi. 3 
Itymer 
1868, 99 
Linnaeus 
1758, 587 
Van d. Wulp 
1877, 249 
1761, 434 
Siebke 
1877, 193 
1767, 974 
Cox 
1878, 261 
DeGeer 
1776, 379 
Osten Sacken 
1878, 21 
Fabricius 
1781, 406 
Korschelt 
1884, 189 
1787, 324 
Meinert 
1886, 438 
1) Johannsen (1908, 264) says, “If Meigen’s 1800 name is accepted, 
Tendipes will replace the genus name of Chironomns.’' We are 
hardly anxious to change without a clear case for Tendipes. Kel¬ 
logg (1908, 678) translates “Chironomns (one who moves 
hands in gesticulations) [symmetrical spreading of feet when at 
rest]", both translations true of adults’ use of forelegs. Com¬ 
pare Higginson, 1867, 177. 
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