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BULLETIN OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 
Mclnnes Lakes valley, which emptied probably in pre-Glacial times 
along Britt Brook. The Serpentine seems to occupy still another 
distinct valley. Since the Serpentine River has throughout its course 
the appearance of a comparatively new river, it is likely there was an 
older outlet of the lake valley into the Right Hand Branch. Possibly 
this occurred through the valley now occupied by the brook flowing 
into the extreme northern end of the Serpentine Lake, for I find on 
Mclnnes’ large-scale map this legend on this brook “ heads very near 
the left hand branch of Britt Brook.” There appear then to be here 
three or four main valleys, with two or three minor ones, all converg- 
ing northwards and uniting at different points, until, somewhere north 
of the Forks of the Right Hand Branch and the River Don, all have 
united into a single trunk valley. (See the' map). I have not seen 
the valleys of these rivers below the lakes, but it is probable that, 
allowing for changes caused by Glacial drift, they show the character- 
istics of ancient valleys. Certainly this is the case with the portions 
occupied by the lakes, and above them. They all have a marked 
northern slope, and the smooth rounding of the hard pre-Cambrian 
rocks of their walls indicates great age. A very high watershed ridge 
separates them all from Miramichi waters. Gathering these facts 
together, then, we must conclude that these valleys are branches of an 
ancient river draining these highlands northward from very ancient 
times. Looking now at the geological map, we notice that the Silurian 
rocks of the great northern plateau approach near to the Forks of the 
Right Hand Branch and River Don, that is, near where all the 
valleys converge. It is altogether probable, then, that this ancient 
river is pre-Silurian, and in the Silurian period poured its waters from 
these highlands (of course then far above their present level) north- 
ward into the great Silurian sea, which occupied all the northern part 
of the province. Later, as the land arose, the present main Tobique 
River was formed by its drainage, and of course it received also the 
waters of our ancient valleys, which helped to make it, and swung 
them with it to the southwest. The valleys of these lakes, then, are 
pre-Silurian and much older than the main Tobique, and are among the 
most ancient in New Brunswick. The great height of the ridge separa- 
ting them from the Miramichi system, and the evenness of the pitch 
northward of the valleys, would indicate that they are homogeneous 
streams, and have never captured the waters of other rivers, nor had 
