. Bwertebrate Animals of Passamaquodchj Bay. 93 
ancients, is very common in the littoral zone, and also the long 
whelk {Buccinum undatum^., while the small but elegant Nassa 
trivittata is quite abundant at various depths. A single dead speci- 
men of one of the spindle shells {Fitsus Islcmdicus) was found at 
Hospital Island, where the Fusus decemcostatus is very abundant. 
With regard to the latter shell Dr. Gould says : “ It is seldom found 
with the mouth entire * * * * showing that it probably 
inhabits rocks in deep water.” This, however, I have not found to 
be the case, for at L’Etang harbor I dredged them from a mud bot- 
tom in seven fathoms, while at Hospital Island great numbers of 
living shells occur in the sand at low water, the foot of the animal 
being buried and the spme of the shell projecting. 
In the class Cephalopoda we have the common squid {Loligo 
Bartramii) . It is very abundant, and both useful and pernicious to 
the fishermen — useful because it is easily caught and is the best bait 
known to them for cod and pollock, and pernicious both from the 
number of herring it destroys and from the fact that its presence in 
consivderable numbers at any locality keej)S these fish from entering 
the weirs at that place. The fishermen say that it can go backward 
or forward with equal ease, but this is a mistake. By the forcible 
ejection of water from a cavity enclosed by the muscular mantle it 
shoots backward with the swiftness and smoothness of an arrow, while 
its forward progress is very slow. 
Passing to the Articulates, we have very many species of Tubicolie, 
the annelids forming tubes in which they live, and of the Maricolae or 
free sea-worms, but of most importance and interest are the Crus- 
tacea. The common crab (^Cancer pagur us) is found, though not 
abundantly, around the mouths of rivers, seeming to prefer the some- 
what brackish water to that which comes from the open sea. The 
lobster {Homarus Americanus) is also quite abundant in the pools 
near low water mark, hiding in cavities under ledges. Along the 
shores at various points is found the Hermit Crab {Bernhardus 
pubescens) occupying the cast-off shells of whelks and spindle-shells. 
At certain times in the year the shrimps are very abundant and 
afford food for the enormous numbers of herring which enter and 
leave the Bay with each tide. But most abundant of all the marine 
articulates are the Barnacles {Balanus balanoides ) which are 
common everywhere in the littoral zone, and which are so abundant 
in many places that they give to the rocks a dull white color. But 
