BULLETIN OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 
326 
falls over schistose ledges in a bed that is obviously post-glacial. * 
Its pre-glacial course I was not able to trace, but the topography 
of the region suggests either one of two directions : first it may 
have flowed northward across the present head of the Crooked 
Deadwater in a more or less direct line to the present outlet near 
County Line Mountain; or, second, it may have flowed more to 
the eastward through the chain of small ponds and lakes into 
Renous Lake. Whether or not the latter was its immediately 
pre-glacial course, there can be little doubt that at some com- 
paratively-recent period it flowed in this direction, and that there 
is a single continuous valley all the way from Indian Lake to 
Renous Lake, homologous in origin with the parallel valley to 
the northward, later to be mentioned. 
2. The Crooked Deadivater . — This part of the river is very 
expressively named, for throughout its extent of over three miles 
it is a typical deadwater, winding about in a flat basin amidst 
typical flat spruce bog. It is not a continuation of the Indian 
Lake Stream, for the latter is a branch of it, but it heads in a 
small, clear sluggish stream coming, as Mr. Braithwaite tells me, 
from a little pond to the eastward, and it ends at the dam near 
County Line Mountain, where the rapid water begins. In places 
it is narrowed and made shoal by boulder trains across its course, 
and in one prominent place, “ The Jaws,” it is narrowed from its 
usual thirty to fifty yards down to some ten yards by the presence 
of a striking horseback which the stream has cut directly across. 
The horseback has a direction northwest and southeast, and can 
be traced some distance southwesterly. It is obviously the 
presence of this horseback, thrown directly across a flat basin, 
which has given the upper part of the Crooked Deadwater its 
anomalous northwesterly direction ; it formed a dam to the waters 
above it, and these fell over, and cut into, it at its lowest point, 
which happened to be at the present Jaws.** 
From the many windings of the Deadwater one gains fine 
-views of the surrounding hills, especially of the grandly-forested 
* The ledges of tnis place yielded the only rock I was able to find in the 
Crooked Deidwater region. It is a schist with veins of granite. 
** Edward Jack, in his MSS. earlier mentioned, states that this was formerly 
a great crossing place for lynxes, which were trapped here in large numbers. 
