59 
ruled off from the remainder, with the introductory remark quoted in the 
third paragraph, on p. 47. One of the principal characters of the 
t£ Anthozoa Operculata ” is the highly vesicular nature of the corallum, a 
feature not met with in Pholidophyllum tuhulatum any more than it is in the 
Australian Tryplasmce, or any of the other corals here cited as prohahly 
congeneric. As a matter of fact, these are all distinguished, amongst other 
characters, by an entire absence of this tissue. 
Again, the presence of spined septal lamellae, or the spines represented 
by longitudinal rows of granules, cannot alone he accepted as distinctive of 
the “ Anthozoa Operculata.” Doth these structures, wholly, or in part, are 
found in other corals, e.g ., [ Amplexus ] Sowerhii (Phill.), Thomson, [A.] ser- 
puloides (De Kon.), Thomson, [A.] irregularis, Thomson, all from the Scotch 
Carboniferous 1 ; in Phryganophyllum Dancani, De Kon., 2 also Carboniferous ; 
in Cyathophyllum vermiculare (Goldf.), Freeh, 3 II a Ilia quadripartita, Freeh, 4 
and H. callosa (Ludwig), Frecli, 5 all Devonian, whilst the pointed projections, 
or teeth, on the free edges of the septal lamellae in such genera as Hello- 
phyllum, Crepidophyllam, Phillipsastreea , &c., are so well known as hardly 
to need comment. 
Reviewing the whole question dispassionately, and after giving full 
weight to the presence of the exo thecal scales in Pholidophyllum tuhulatum , 
it seems to me that more is to he gained by removing the latter, as a 
representative Tryplasma, from the vicinity of the Anthozoa Operculata, and, 
with other congeneric corals, placing it in a separate family, the Tryplasmidae, 
with relations to Amplexus and Pycnostylus. With the two latter, 
P. tuhulatum has already been shown to he closely allied in the absence of a 
fossula and dissepimental tissue, and the rudimentary nature of its septal 
apparatus. 
The absence of the peripheral zone of endothecal tissue composed of 
dissepiments (with the possible exception of T. (?) Murray i), so characteristic 
of the Order Cyathophylloidea, forbids the inclusion therein of the Tryplas- 
midae. On the other hand, the Order Zaphrentoidea “comprises those corals 
in which there is a comparatively limited amount of dissepimental endotheca, 
the visceral chamber never being sheathed with a zone of vesicular tissue.” 0 
1 Thomson — Corals Carb. System Scotian 1, 1883, p.p. 58 and 59. 
- De Koninck — Nouv. Reel). Anim. Foss. Terr. Carb. Belgique, Pt. I, 1872, p. 03. 
3 Freeh — Dames and Kayser’s Pal. Abhandl., 1886, III, Heft 3, t. 2, f. 3«. 
* Freeh — Ibid. , t. 8, f. 2 1 . 
5 Freeh — Ibid., t. 8, f. 18. 
c Nicholson — Man. Pal., 3rd Edit., 18S9, I, p. 29-3. 
