75 
“It is very evident,” lie says, “that no new individual is here formed hy 
means of budding, as the calyx and the walls are quite the same as before, 
with the exception of that corner ” representing the new corallite. “ This 
peculiar formation of a new calyx within the old is common to almost all 
individuals of r /. rugosa, and is repeated several times hy the same individual”; 
Lindstrom cites as an example the genus Chonophyllum. To this method of 
continuity of the species Nicholson applied the term “ rejuvenescence,” and 
said : — “ On this view the original polype undergoes periodic contraction and 
partial death, only the central part of the animal retaining its vitality. Each 
period of contraction is, however, followed hy one of active growth.” 1 No 
finer example of this can he adduced than Schluter’s figure of the budding 
of Cyathopedium paucitabulatum? On the other hand, in true calicular 
budding the original polype throws up from its calicinal disc one or more 
new corallites, which kill the parent completely ; of this condition a good 
example may be found in the Carboniferous Lonsdaleia rugosa. 
This rejuvenescent calicular gemmation has been excellently figured 
hy Von Koch, as already explained, in T. ( Tholidophyllnm ) tubulatum ; by 
Weissermel in T. ( Cadophyllum) c-ury calyx* ; and by Lindstrom in llhizo- 
phyllum elongatum . 4 How extensively it is developed in our Australian 
Tryplasma the accompanying plates will show. 
In the light of Tryplasnia tubulus, Dybowski, it is quite possible that 
parietal budding occurs in the genus as the exception and not the rule ; the 
former’s sectional figure of this species certainly does appear to show two 
lateral buds. 
17. Geological Range. — -The whole of the Australian Try plasma are 
of Upper Silurian age, no satisfactory evidence having yet come to hand of 
the occurrence of the genus in our Devonian rocks. 
18. Species. — The following arc the Australian species : — 
Tryplasma 
columnar is, sp. nov. 
Tryplasma Lonsdalei , Eth. fil. 
33 
congregationis, sp. nov. 
33 
princeps, sp. nov. 
33 
delic alula ,, 
33 
vermiformis ,, 
33 
dendroidea „ 
33 
wellingtonensis , Eth. fil., 
33 
derrengullenensis „ 
33 
(?) Murrayi ,, 
35 
liliiformis ,, 
with two varieties of T. Lonsdalei , and two doubtful forms. 
1 Nicholson — Man. Pal., 3rd Edit., 1889, I, p. 254. 
2 S chi Liter — Verhandl. Nat. Hist. Vereines Preuss. Rheinl.-Westf., 1881, VIII (4), t. 2, f. 1-3. 
3 Weissermel — Zeitsch. Deuts. Geol. Gesellsch., 1894, XL VI, Heft 3, p. 636, f. 1 and 2. 
4 Lindstrom — Bihang. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., 1S82, VII, No. 4, t. 2, f. 18. 
