91 
primary and secondary lamellae in that the former extend further inwards 
than do the latter, so much so that the secondary spines appear almost as if 
perched directly on the thickened wall, and are more of the nature of 
granules. On the floor of the open calice the lamellae appear to “tail off” 
and become lost, and the spines and granules are perched directly on the 
floor itself, extending some distance towards the calice centre. 
The numerous tabulae arc “thin and delicate, close together, or widely 
separated, complete or incomplete, horizontal or oblique, either extending 
wholly across the corallum or coalescing with one another, and in the latter 
case enclosing irregular or subvesicular, intertabular spaces.” 
The budding falls within that section termed hv Nicholson “ simple 
calicular gemmation.” On this he remarked : — “ In what is usually under- 
stood hv calicular gemmation, the oral disc of the primitive polyp produces 
two or more buds ; these in turn repeat the process, and ultimately we have 
a mass of an inverted pyramidal shape, composed of numerous corallites 
diverging from the base. In the particular mode of growth to which I 
propose to apply the term of ‘ simple ’ calicular gemmation, there is a well- 
marked modification of the above. The corallum, originally simple, after 
growing to a certain extent, sends up from its oral disc a single bud. The 
primitive calice may or may not he more or less completely obliterated by the 
gradual growth and extension of the epitheca over it; and the secondary 
hud may or may not produce a tertiary hud in the same manner as that in 
which it was itself produced. In any case, the mode of increase is by the 
production of single buds from the calicine disc, and consequently the 
resulting form of the corallum is in all cases altogether different to what is 
seen in the ordinary method of calicular gemmation.” 1 This takes place 
precisely in T. wellingtonensis. A calice is (PL XVI, fig. 5) or is not 
(PI. XVI, tig. G) tilled by a new corallite, the secondary hud producing 
a tertiary, and so on. As examples of simple calicular gemmation, Nicholson 
cites the Devonian Cystiphyllum squamosum, Nich., C. ohioense, Nich., and 
C. vesicutosum, Goldf., the last of these presenting a remarkable resemblance 
to some conditions of T. wellingtonensis. Another point of similarity 
between the latter and these older well-known species may lie again expressed 
in Nicholson’s words : — “ The old cups are usually quite distinct; hut they 
may he more or less completely obliterated by the gradual growth and 
extension of the epitheca over them. In these cases, it becomes sometimes 
1 Nicholson — Trans. R. Soc. Edinb., XXVII, p. 238. 
