ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
463 
B. Myriopoda. 
Anatomy of Scutigera.* — Herr C. Herbst finds that this Myriopod 
is provided with five sets of glands in the head, and describes their 
arrangement and minute anatomy; some of them probably act as 
spinning glands and others prepare food. It is suggested that they are 
the homologues of the coxal gland. A cardiac nerve, arising from the 
sympathetic probably, is described in connection with the circulatory 
apparatus. 
S. Arachnida. 
Development of Araneina.f — Mr. Kamakichi Kisliinouye has especi- 
ally studied the development of the eggs of Lycosa and Agelena , but 
Theridion, Epeira , Dolomedus , and Pholcus were used for comparison. 
He agrees with Locy in thinking that the superficial polygonal areas on 
the egg are due to a pressure of the yolk columns on the periplasm ; they 
are probably formed when the eggs pass through the oviduct. In the 
process of segmentation the yolk and the nucleus are divided at the same 
time ; segmentation is syncytial. After segmentation all the nuclei are 
formed on the surface of the egg. The primary blastodermic thickening 
is regarded as a modified gastrula mouth, the formation of which was 
obstructed by the abundance of yolk. The brain and the ventral nerve- 
cords are formed as a continuous ectodermal thickening. All the 
appendages are post-oral in origin, but the first abdominal segment bears 
no appendages. 
The large fat-cells, which are derived from the endoderm, form blood- 
corpuscles. The lung-book is formed by an invagination at the posterior 
base of the first abdominal appendage ; a similar invagination at the 
base of the second gives rise to an abortive trachea. There is an un- 
paired coelomic cavity which belongs to the anal lobe ; this becomes con- 
verted into the so-called stercoral pocket, but it is excretory in function, 
and not part of the alimentary canal. The dorsal circulatory vessel is 
formed by the fusion of the mesoblastic somites at the dorsal median 
line. The so-called body-cavity of the adult is not a true coelom, but a 
secondary cavity. 
The posterior median eyes are developed in connection with the 
brain, and the mode of their origin is quite different from that of tho 
other eyes ; all, however, are dermal and not neural in origin. A pair 
of coxal glands opens at the base of the third appendage ; its duct is an 
ectodermic invagination, and its glandular portion is coelomic in origin. 
Pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, and anus are all derived from the ectoderm, 
but the Malpighian tubes are products of the mesoderm. 
Mid-gut of Galeodidse.J — Mr. A. Bigula describes the anterior part 
of the mid-gut of the Galeodidae as consising of three layers ; the con- 
nective tissue, which is outermost, corresponds generally with that 
described by Frenzel in some Decapods, The tissue is spongy internally, 
while the outermost layer consists of cellulofibrous elements. With 
higher powers the tissue is seen to be made up of finely granular and 
rounded portions of protoplasm in which lie nuclei ; they are separated by 
* Jena, 1890. See Amer. Nat., xxv. (1891) pp. 280-1. 
f Journ. College of Science, Imp. Univ. Japan, iv. (1891) pp. 55-88 (6 pis,), 
j Biol. Centralbl, xi. (1891) pp. 295-300. 
