ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
505 
Mycele and Protospores of Sphaerotheca Castagnei v. humilis and 
of Pleospora herbarum v. Galii aparinis.* * * § — Dr. E. Lambotto states 
that the myceles of both the above species are composed of a large 
number of anastomosing hyphse, the only difference being that in Pleospora 
herbarum the septa simulate chains of cells. The life-history of each 
fungus is carefully traced. In Pleospora we have, at the beginning of 
winter, the coniclial condition ( Cladosporium herbarum), then a little later 
Phoma herbarum shows itself, and it is towards the end of winter when 
the Phoma is at its point of greatest activity that Pleospora herbarum first 
appears. 
“ Taumel-getreide.”f — Herr M. Woronin has investigated this 
disease, which attacks the corn-crops, especially rye, in parts of Russia, 
Sweden, and Germany, causing the grains to shrivel up and turn black, 
and finds evidence of the presence of no less than fifteen species of para- 
sitic or saprophytic fungi. The injurious effects resembling intoxication, 
observed in men or cattle which have eaten the grains attacked by the 
disease, are probably due to one or other of the four following species: — 
Fusarium roseum , Gibberella Saubenetii, Helminthosporium sp., and 
Cladosporium herbarum. 
Musk-fungus, f — Prof. G. v. Lagerheim identifies the Fasisporium 
moschatum of Kitasato, distinguished by its musk-like odour, with 
Selenosporium or Fusarium aquseductuum. It not uncommonly forms 
slimy masses where there is a continual dripping of water. Imperfect 
pcritheces having been found upon it, it is doubtless a stage in the cycle 
of development of an ascomycetous fungus. 
New Vine-disease.§ — M. P. Viala describes a disease which has of 
late years been very destructive to the vines in the south and south-west 
of France. It makes its appearance in the form of black nodules on the 
stem, which are sclerotes belonging to the form of Peziza known as 
Sclerotinia Fuckeliana. 
Atichia.|| — This singular organism, which has been separated as a 
distinct genus of Collemaceee, is classed by Herr A. Minks along with 
Myriangium IT as forming a class presenting none of the true characters of 
the Collemaceae or gelatinous lichens, but belonging to the Ascomycetes, 
and recognized as true lichens by the possession of gonids. 
Chlorodictyon foliosum and Ramalina reticulata.** — Prof. C. 
Cramer identifies Chlorodictyon foliosum , described by Agardh as belong- 
ing to the Caulerpeae, with the lichen Bamalina reticulata. It is probably 
a marine form. 
Arthonia.f f —Mr. H. Willey publishes a monograph of this genus of 
Lichens, of which he enumerates 348 specios, seven of them being new. 
* Rev. Mycol., xiii. (1891) pp. 1-4. f Bot. Ztg., xlix. (1891) pp. 81-93. 
X Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Parasitenk., ix. (1891) pp. 655-9 (G figs.) Of. this 
Journal, 1889, p. 560. 
§ Rev. Gen. de Bot. (Bonnier), iii. (1891) pp. 145-9 (3 figs.). 
|| Bot. Centralbl., xlv. (1891) pp. 329-32, 362-5. 
^ Of. this Journal, ante, p. 383. 
** Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Gesell., 1891, pp. 100-23 (3 pis.). 
ft ‘A Synopsis of the genus Arthonia ,’ New Bedford, 1890, 62 pp. See Bot. 
Centralbl., xlvi. (1891) p. 98. 
1891. 2 N 
