636 
SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 
of Bhododendron in the Himalayas. Whether these three forms are 
genetically related to one another cannot at present be decided. 
Entomophytic Cladosporieae.* — M. A. Giard classifies the ento- 
mophytic Fungi under four heads: — (1) The Laboulbeniaceae, whose 
attachment to the host is simply a superficial one; (2) the Entomo- 
phthoreee, which are entomophagous, and fatal to the infected insect ; 
(3) the Hypocreaceae and imperfect forms (Isarieee), which attack living 
insects, but are also capable of living on their dead bodies or on artificial 
media; (4) the Entomophytic Cladosporieae, which kill the insect, not 
by the destruction of its tissues, but by closing up the tracheae. Of 
this last group M. Giard cites five examples : — Cladosporium parasiticum, 
parasitic on Polyphylla fullo ; Penomyces telarium ( Entomophthora telaria), 
infesting Bagonycha melaneura , or less often the hemipterous Phygadicus 
Urticse ; Penomyces cantharidum sp. n., parasitic on Telephorus lividus 
and Bagonycha testacea ; Polyrhizum Leptophyei, parasitic on an ortho- 
pteron, Leptophyes punctatissima ; and Lachnidium Acridiorum g. et sp. n. 
(vide infra), the fungus which is so destructive to the migratory locust 
in Algeria. It presents itself under two forms, a Cladosporium - and a 
Fusarium-iorm. 
Parasite of the Cockchafer.f — MM. E. Prillieux and Delacroix have 
examined the parasitic fungus which has recently been very destructive 
to the larva of the cockchafer in certain districts of France, and find it 
to be a Botrytis , very nearly allied to the B. bassiana which causes the 
muscardine of the silkworm, and describe it as B. tenella. An Isaria 
was once found, probably the conidial form of Melanospora parasitica , 
but this was parasitic on the Botrytis , and not pathogenic to the larva. 
The Botrytis was found to be very readily cultivatable on potato and 
sweet juices. 
M. Le Moult J describes the ravages committed by the parasite on 
the cockchafer larva, and recommends its culture for the purpose of 
destroying that agricultural pest. 
M. A. Giard, § in reference to this subject, considers the forms 
Botrytis and Isaria as stages in the evolution of Ascomycetous Fungi, 
only a few of which are at present known in the ascogenous form. 
When the conidiferous hyphae are united into long thick tufts, more or 
less regularly club-shaped, they come under the denomination of Isaria 
(or Stilbum ) ; when these hyphae form a kind of veil, covering the 
substratum, they constitute a Botrytis. Some species may occur in both 
forms. Thus the Botrytis bassiana of the silkworm, cultivated on the 
larva of Gastropacha Bubi , gives rise to an Isaria ; while the Isaria 
farinosa of the latter larva may develope into Cordyceps militarise The 
parasite of the cockchafer is rather an Isaria than a Botrytis. 
Parasite of Acridium peregrinum.|] — M. L. Trabut describes a 
parasitic fungus which is extremely destructive to this locust in certain 
districts of N. Africa. It has the appearance of a white efflorescence, 
the filaments of the mycele producing great numbers of spores, and 
forming white spots on the rings of the abdomen. The author regards 
* Comptes Rendus, cxii. (1891) pp. 1518-21. f Tom. cit., pp. 1079-81. 
X Tom. cit., pp. 1081-3. § Tom. cit., pp. 1270-3. 
li Tom. cit. pp. 1383-4. 
