INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY. 
49 
Root stigmata, Stigmata radicis , Spongiolce radicates , 
Or<£ radicum. Spongioles at the end of the root; very 
visible in lemna and pandanus. 
Tuber, Tuherculum . A thick, solid part, usually filled 
with feculae, placed either upon the root, as in turneps, 
earthnuts, filipendula, or on those lower branches of the 
stem which are subterraneous and rootlike, as in the po- 
tatoe. 
Exostosis. A tuber of a woody consistence, not con- 
taining feculae. Cyperus disticha. 
JLmpullce. Hollow globular bodies found on the roots 
of some water plants. Utricularia. 
3. Situation * 
Subterraneous, Radix subterranea . Most roots. 
Exposed, aeria. Growing upon some part exposed to 
the air. Viscum. 
Aquatic, aquatica . Growing in the water. Lemna, 
Utricularia, Trapa natans. 
4. Substance. 
Woody, Radix lignosa. All trees, shrubs, and under- 
shrubs. 
Fleshy, carnosa. Thick, juicy, mostly formed of cellular 
texture. Iris palustris, Beta vulgaris, Solanum tuberosum. 
5. Form. 
Threadshape, Radix filiformis. Lemna. 
Fibrous, fibrosa. The threads being of some thickness. 
Cepa esculenta. Ranunculus flammeus. 
Thongshape, flagellifiormis. Long, supple, slender. 
Arenaria maritima, Carduus arvensis. 
Cordshape, funiliformis . Of thick fibres like ropes. 
Palms, Pandanus, Dracena. 
Spindleshape, fusifiormis. Simple, long, swelled out in 
the middle, and small at each end. Raphanus sativus. 
Turnep shape, napiformis. Simple, globular. Brassica 
macrorhiza. 
Conical, conica . Gradually decreasing from top to bot- 
tom, Daucus vulgaris. 
Cylindrical, teres. Dictamnus albus. 
Roundish, subrotunda. Bunium majus, B. minus. 
Tuberous, tuber osa. In thick fleshy masses. Cyclamen, 
Solanum tuberosum, Bryonia dioica. 
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