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INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY. 
STEM. 
Caulis. Truncus ascendens, Adscensus, — caulon. The 
support of those parts of the vegetable which usually appear 
above ground , end bear the flowers and fruit. 
1. Species. 
Trunk, Truncus. That part of a tree which is naked, 
and without branches. 
Head, Cymus. That part of a tree where the stem is 
divided into branches. 
Straw, Culmus. The cylindrical, usually hollow, stem 
of a grass, with solid knots at certain distances. Triticum, 
Avena. 
Reed, Calamus. A simple stem, more or less hollow, 
without knots. Juncus. 
Root-sucker, Surculus. A branch springing from the 
root, capable of being separated, and of becoming a new 
individual. Rosa. 
Stool, Stolo. A branch from the head of the root, bend- 
ing dowm, taking root, and emitting leaves here and there. 
Pilosella. 
Runner, Flagellum , Sarmentum , Viticula. A naked 
branch lying on the ground, taking root with a tuft of 
leaves at certain distances. Fragaria vesca. 
Offset, Propaculum. A runner terminated by a leaf-bud 
capable of taking root when separated. Sedum, Semper- 
vivum. 
Rhizoma. Caudex descendens. A subterraneous, or su- 
perficial shoot, which emits radicles. Iris, Filices. 
Base of the bulb. Lecus. The flat plate of a bulb, 
throwing out radicles beneath, and from its upper surface 
the leaves and flowers. Cepa esculenta, Hyacinthus. 
Rulbo-tuber. Combus. A solid tuber placed on the 
neck of the plant, and frequently covered with the base of 
the leaves. PL 2, fig. 8. Crocus sativus. 
Crown, Caudex. The part of an annual stem that re- 
mains attached to a perennial root, and throws up the 
next season a fresh stem. 
2. Internal Parts. 
Pith, Medulla. The fine cellular texture, usually white, 
contained in a cylindrical cavity in the centre of the stem 
of dicotyledon plants, and seeming to nourish the young 
shoots. PL 1, fig. 2, i to k. 
