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INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY. 
7. Number. 
Single, Caulis unicus. When the root produces only 
one stem. 
Many, multiplex. When the root produces several 
stems. 
8. Composition. 
Very simple, Caulis simplicissimus. When it has no 
branches whatever, Fritillaria tessellata, Bistorta major. 
Orobanche major. 
Simple, simplex. Without any large branches, but with 
some weak ones only. Yerbascum decurreils, Swertia 
perennis. 
Branchy, ramosus. Divided into branches. 
Very branchy, ramosissimus. Cucubalus bacciferus, 
Ulex Europeeus. 
Shrubby, decompositus. Branched from near the root, 
so as to have scarcely any main stem. Ulex Europseus. 
Two-forked, dichotomus. Divided and subdivided into 
two parts at each division. Stramonium foetidum, Viscum 
album. 
Three-forked, trichotomus. Divided and subdivided into 
three parts at each division. Mirabilis Jalapa. 
Continued, integer. Growing up from the root to the 
top of the plant like an axis from which the branches 
spring out. Abies excelsa, Abies pectinata. 
9. Direction of the main Stem. 
Upright, Caulis verticalis, perpendicular is, erectus. Grow- 
ing perpendicular to the horizon. Mentha sylvestris, An- 
droseemum officinale. Abies, 
Oblique, obliquus. Growing sloping to the horizon. 
Poa annua. 
Curved, curvatus , arcuatus. Forming a curve. 
Inclined, inclinatus . Growing in a very marked curve, 
bending to the ground. 
Nodding, nutans , cernuus. The top inclining to the 
ground. Polygonatum vulgare, Cedrus. 
Ascending, ascendens. Forming a curve, bending up 
towards the sky. Veronica spicata. Trifolium pratense, 
Circaea alpina. 
Procumbent, procumbens , prostratus , humifusus . Spread 
upon the ground, and not striking root. Polygonum avi- 
culare, Herniaria hirsuta, Ulecebrum verticillata, Are- 
naria rubra. Uva-ursi buxifolia. 
