64? 
INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY. 
5. Substance. 
Herbaceous, Folia herbacea . Green and soft. Spinachia 
oleracea. 
Membranous, membranacea , membranosa. Soft, supple, 
very thin. Most plants. 
Paper-like, papyracea. Thin, dry, may be bent like 
paper. Dracaena terminalis. 
Scarious, scariosa. Thin, dry, semitransparent. Pota-° 
mogiton crispum. 
Soft, mollia . Althaea officinalis. 
Leathery, coriacea. Viscum album. 
Stiff, rigida . Arundo arenaria, Ruscus aculeatus, Pinus 
sylvestris. 
Fleshy, carnosa. Thick, and formed of a cellular tissue 
resembling the pulp of an apple. Lemna, Sempervivum 
tectorum. 
Succulent, succulenta , succosa . Thick, and formed of a 
cellular tissue resembling the pulp of a plum. Sedum re- 
flexum, S. dasyphyllum. 
Hollow, cava. Having an internal cavity. Cepa cs~ 
culenta. 
Pitchershaped, utricularia . Hollow and bellied out 
like a pitcher. Aldrovanda. 
Bilocular, bilocularia . Hollow and divided into two 
parts by a partition. Lobelia Dortmanna. 
Many-locular, loculosa. Hollow and divided into several 
parts by partitions. Juncus articulatus, &c. 
6. Formation. 
Petiolean, Folia petiolanea. Formed from footstalks. 
Mimosa suaveolens, Mimosae of New Holland. 
Ramean, rameanea . Formed from branches. Ruscus 
aculeatus. 
7. Production. 
Flowerbearing, Folia jlorifera. Producing flowers. 
Lemna, Xylophylla falcata. PI. 8, fig. 3. 
Rooting, radicantia. Producing roots. Asplenium rhi- 
zophyllum. 
Thornbearing, spinifera. Producing thorns. Solanum 
Py racantha. 
Proliferous, prolifera. Producing other leaves. Lemna, 
