120 
INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY. 
The principal distinctions of the cupule must be taken 
from its appearance in the fruit. 
In general the cupule is very different from the common 
leaves, but there is a regular series of changes from the 
cupule of the corylus avellana, which resembles two leaves 
united together by their edges, through the quercus com- 
posed of small scales or bractese soldered together by their 
lower part, and scarcely differing from some involucrums, 
and the ephedra, in which the sheaths at each joint are 
evidently opposite leaves soldered together, approaching 
near the fruit, and composing a series of cupules set one 
within another; and so on to the cupule of pinus, abies, &c. 
Glume. 
Bale, Calyx, External glume, Gluma, Calyx, Gluma ex- 
terior, Gluma calycinalis, Tegmen, Lepicena. The ex- 
ternal common involucrum of the flowers of the grasses , 
situated at the bottom of the locusta. 
Cupule-like, Gluma cupuliformis. Having the appear- 
ance of a cupule. Alopecurus agrestis. 
Involucrated, involucrata. Surrounded by an involu- 
crum. Cynosurus cristatus. 
*jf One-flowered, uniflora . Alopecurus agrestis, Oryza 
sativa, Hordeum, Zeocriton. 
Two-flowered, biflora. Panicum, Holcus mollis, H. la- 
natus, Aira caryophyllea. 
Three-flowered, triflora. Anthoxanthum odoratum. 
Many-flowered, multiflora . Briza, Cynosurus, Festuca 
fluitans, Lolium, Avena, Bromus, Secale. 
If Longer than the glumelle, glumelld longior. Avena 
fatua, A. sterilis, Achnatherium lanceolatum. 
Shorter than the glumelle, glumelld brevior . Bromus 
arvensis, Secale cereale. 
% One-spathelled, unispathellata , unipaleacea. Formed 
of only one spathelle. Eleocharis palustris. 
Two-spathelled, bispathellata , bipaleacea . Formed of 
two spatlielles. Bromus, Triticum, Avena, Secale. 
SpatJielles. 
Valves, Glumes, Chaffs, Spathellse, Valvulse, Glumae, 
Palese. The pieces that compose the glume. 
Opposite, Spathelloe oppositce . Two pieces, attached 
opposite each other at the same height. Triticum, Secale, 
iEgilops. PI. 12, fig. 12. 
