EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 
269 
Fig. 6. The female flower of the same, stripped of the 
pericbsetium, and very much magnified. 
a . Ovary. 
b. Style. 
c. Stigma. 
d. Abortive female flowers. 
e. Paraphyses. 
f. Clinanthe. 
Fig. 7. Polytrichum commune. Musci. Proliferous stem 
magnified. 
a. Bractese united into bellshaped perichaetia containing 
male flowers. 
Fig. 8. Stem of the same, bearing the fruit, showing the 
pediccll, and urn covered with its hairy calyptra. 
Fig. 9. Urn of the same, with the operculum taken off: 
the whole magnified. 
a. Operculum. 
b. Peristome with its epiphragm. 
Fig. 10. Urn of the same, the calyptra, the operculum, 
and the epiphragm taken off; the whole magnified. 
a. Epiphragm. 
b. Seminules dispersing. 
Fig. 11. A male perichaetium of the same cut vertically, 
and very much magnified. 
a. The bracteoles. 
b. Paraphyses. 
c. Stamens. 
Fig. 12. Splachnum ampullaceum. Musci. Fruit mag- 
nified. 
a. Urn, with the calyptra and operculum taken off. 
b. Apophysis very large, cruetlike. 
c. Peristome simple, eight-toothed. 
Fig. 13. A stamen of polytrichum commune, with two 
paraphyses placed on water, and very much magnified. 
a. . The stamen. 
b. Paraphyses. 
c. The beak-like opening at the tip of the stamen. 
d. The fecundating fluid discharged through the beak, 
and floating on the water. 
Fig. 14. Grimmia apocarpa. Musci. Fruit, the calyptra 
and operculum being taken off, magnified. 
a. Peristome. 
Fig. 15. Peristome of the same detached from the urn, 
spread out and much magnified, to show the sixteen teeth 
