INTEODUCTION. 
xly 
description in 1866 of three species from the Eed Chalk. In 1880 
G. E. Tine, the most voluminous author on the British Cretaceous 
Bryozoa, began his series of papers, whicii lasted till 1892. His 
most important additions to the Cretaceous Bryozoa were descriptions 
of the faunas of the Cambridge Greensand and the Eed Chalk ; 
most of his other papers were in the main compilations of previous 
records and the identification of English Chalk specimens with 
previously known Continental species. Heanwhile, in 1883, 
Keeping had described the Bryozoa from the Lower Greensand of 
ITpware, and Mr. W. Gamble, of Chatham, had made the first part 
of his important collections of Middle Chalk Bryozoa at Chatham. 
Many of the species recorded by Tine had been discovered by 
Gamble. 
In recent years much more attention has been paid to the Chalk 
Bryozoa, largely inspired by Dr. Eowe’s valuable work on the zonal 
classification of the Chalk, and his recognition of the stratigraphical 
value of its Bryozoa ; and the recent memoirs of the Geological 
Survey by Mr. Jukes-Browne have included more useful catalogues 
of Chalk Bryozoa than were formerly possible. Many of these 
Chalk species were collected and identified by Mr. L. Treacher, 
and others found by Messrs. Treacher and H. I. Osborne White, 
while others have been collected by Messrs. AVithers & Chatwin, 
of the Geological Department of the Museum. Mr. W. D. Lang, of 
the same Department, has contributed a series of valuable papers 
from 1903 to 1908. Mr. E. M. Brydone described a series of new 
Cheilostomata from the Trimmingham Chalk in 1906. 
The Cretaceous Bryozoa have been most extensively studied 
in Prance, where the successive faunas have been described in 
a valuable series of monographs, including those by Michelin, 
d’Orhigny, Bucaille, Canu, and Pilliozat. 
The Swiss fauna has been described by Pictet, de Loriol, and 
d’Orbigny, and is of interest as containing an older Cretaceous 
marine fauna than in the regions further north, for the Cretaceous 
sea reached Switzerland while Prance, Germany, and the British 
Isles were still continental. 
Germany contains three Cretaceous Bryozoa faunas — Hrgonian, 
Cenomanian, and Senonian, and they have been described in the 
works of Goldfuss, Koch & Dunker, Edmer, von Hagenow, 
Osswald, von Eeuss, Simonowitsch, Yogel, Marsson, and others. 
