294 
THE LARGER FUNGT 
oc'liraceous, eontinuous with the stem, covered with coarse overlapping scales, 
wliicli are longitudinally g'rooved and irregularly arranged ; endopei'idiuni mem- 
branous, shining, smooth, cream-coloured or white, continuous with the stem, 
rupturing by irregular breaking away of the ui)per surface and becoming 
urceolate. 8tem 11 to l|in. (d to f cm.) long, (5 to 12 mm. diameter, solid, of two 
layers, an outer tibrillose scaly layer, and an inner oohraceous tough and woody 
layer, bulbous at the base. Gleba reddisli-brown, pulverulent; capillitium threads 
simple, flattened, sparsely septate, tinted, almost hyaline. Spores globose, tinted 
yellow, () to S.5 fi, covei'ed with flat-topped coarse warts, appearing areolate. — 
Cunningham. South Australia — Kinchina and Monarto South, Minnie Downs near 
the Diamantina. ('entral Australia — Mount Liebig. Victoria. South Africa. 
North America, duly, August, November. (Figure (if.) 
470. Phellorina strobilina (Kaleh.) Lloyd. (Syns., Scleroderma strohilina 
Kalch., Xylopodium oehroleueum Cke. et Mass.) (L., strohilinus, like the 
artichoke). — Differing from the preceding in the nature of the exoperidium, 
which is covered with large, thick, pyramidal, persistent, zoned scales which 
are larger and more prominently developed apically. Gleba and spores as in 
F. inquinans. — Cunningham. Soutli Australia — Alonarto South, Naidia near 
Blanchetown (llin. (27.5 cm.) high, peridium din. (7.5 cm.) broad). Queens- 
land. Oc.tobei'. (Figure 05.) 
CHLAMYDOPUS St>egazzini. 
(Gr., clilamys, chlamydos, a cloak; pous, a foot.) 
Plant consisting of a long stem bearing upon its dilated a]>ex the 2-layered 
peridium. Exoperidum fragile, breaking away in pieces ; endoperidium mem- 
branous, tough, persistent, dehiscing by an apical pore which enlarges as the 
plant ages. Stem enlarged apically, solid, supported basallv in a fibrillose, 
cupulate volva. Gleba of spores ami capillitium, threads simple or sparingly 
branched, immixed with numerous clusters of persistent, fasciculate basidia. 
Spoi'es coloureil, verrucose, globose, continuous. Basidia bearing apically 1 to 4 
spores on short sterigmata. — Cunningham. 
471. C'hlamydopus Meyenianus (Klotzcli.) Lloyd. (Syn., Tylostoma maximum 
Cke. et Mass.) {Meyenianus, after Franz Meyen, 1804-i840, author of Pflanzen- 
Pathologie). — Peridium to ijin. (2 cm.) tall, j to Llin. (2 to 3.5 cm.) diameter, 
depressed globose or pulvinate; exoperidium fugitive, soon lireaking up and 
falling away, of sand or other debris mixed with hyphae; endoperidium tough 
and mend)ranous, ochraceous, bleaching to a pallid cream colour, smooth or finely 
asperate, firmly attached to the peripheral apex of the stem, dehiscing by a ])lane 
a])ical mouth which later becomes torn irregularly. Stem to 5 jin. (13 cm.) tall, 
and lin. (12 mm.) diameter, woody, solid, grooved longitudimdly, silkv fibrillose 
or with a few coarse peeling scales, sometimes arranged as an annulus in old 
specimens, ochraceous, attenuate below and seated in a fragile volva of two 
layers, gradually thickened above and expanded into a flattened, discoid, truncate 
apex. Gleba ochraceous or yellowish-brown; capillitium densely developed, of 
long hyaline or tinted threads attached both to the ajiex and inner wall of the 
endoperidium. Spoi'es globose, tinted yellow, 0 to 9.5 y, mostly 7 to 8 covered 
with coarse flat-topped warts, appearing areolate. — Cunningham. South Australia 
— Miller's Creek, Minnie Downs. Western Australia — Kurrawang, Gascoyne 
River. Peru. North America. ,lune to August. 
TULOSTOMOIDEAE. 
Basidia nut fasciculate and disappearing at maturity. 
TTWOSTOMEAE. 
Elaters nut present in the gleba; peridium dehiscing by an apical pore. 
TULOSTOMA Persoon. 
(Gr., tylos, a knob; stoma, a mouth.) 
Peridium stijiitate, globose to depressed-globose; consisting of an outer thin, 
usually fugacious exoperidium, and a thin membranous, coloured or white, smooth 
or rough endoperidium; dehiscence by an apical })ore, which may be definite or 
indefinite, naked or fibrillose, erumpen't-tubular, umbonate or ]dane. Stipe inserted 
in a socket at the base of the endoperidium to which it is attached ; woody. 
