OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
343 
laige, especially those foi'miiig the central zone, external cells brownish, jrrowino’ 
out into small warts. Asci cylindrical, 8-spore(l ; spores obliquely 1-soriat^ 
smooth, hyaline, continuous, elliptical, ends obtuse, 21 to 24 x 11 to 12 /r; 
paraphyses slender, septate, clavate. On rich soil, manure heaps, rotten leaves, 
etc. Massee. South Australia— On dung, Beaumont, Glen Osmond, Kinchina. 
Victoria. Europe, etc. July, August. (Figure 75.) 
This is a large dung-inhabitirig species, deeply cup-shaped with the edge remain- 
ing more or less incurved, the external surface brown and more or less granular. 
PYRENOMYCETEAE Fr. 
“Perithecia fleshy, coriaceous, carbonaceous or membranaceous, wholly enclosing 
the hymenium, usually pierced at the apex.” — Cooke. 
CORDYCEPS Fr. 
“Stroma stipitate, erect, growing on insects or fungi, clavate; perithecia 
immersed in the stroma, or smni-immersed, or nearly free; asci 8-spored; sporidia 
fllifiorm, soon breaking up into jdints, hyaline.” — ^Gooke. 
These are the so called “Vegetable Caterpillars” growing from the buried 
larvae or pupae of various insects. The stem, bearing the fruiting portion, may 
be many inches long, and emerges from the ground in which the insect host is 
buried. Species doubtless occur in South Australia but so far none seem to have 
been recorded. 
XYLARIA Hill. 
(Gr., xylon, rvood.) 
“Stroma erect, clavate or subglobose, often stipitate. Perithecia immersed in 
the stroma or adnate, carbonaceous, papillate. Sporidia ovoid, amygdaloid or 
navicular, continuous, brown. ’ ■’ — Cooke. 
Several species have loeen collected in South Australia, as at Back Valley, otf 
Inman Valley, but so far none have been identified. 
PORONIA Willd. 
“Stroma fleshy-coriaceous, at first clavate, then cup-shaped, stipitate lor nearly 
sessile, whitish or blackish; perithecia immersed in the upper discoid face of the 
stroma, carbonaceous, black; sporidia continuous, brown.” — Cooke. 
5(19. Poronia punctata B. (L., punctatus, dotted). — Stroma erect, simple, 
at first clavate, soon open, cujr-shaped, attenuated into a more or less long 
tomentose stem, externally black, disc wliite, punctate with black ostiola; asci 
cylindrical; sporidia ovate, becoming black, involved in a hyaline rrrucus, IS to 2(5 x 
10 to 14 fi.. ’ ’ — Cooke. South Australia — On horse dung, Mount Lofty, Eagle-on- 
tlie-Hill (spores ."0 x 17.8 /j.) , Encounter Bay, Bcrri. Victoria. Tasmania. 
Western Australia. January, May, July, September. 
A species not uncorrmion on horse dung with a small white disc punctate with 
the black ostiola, fixed in the dung by a usually ebort stem. 
DALDINIA l)e Not. 
“Stroma superficial, subspliaeroid, with, a black, carbonaceous cortex, fibrorrs 
witliiu, concentrlcalB' zoned ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia ovoid or oblong, br.owm ; 
perithecia wholly irmrtersed in the stroma, not protuberarrt ; ostiola umbilicate. ” 
— Cooke. 
570. Daldinia concentrica Bolt. (L., concentrious, concentric). — “Stroma # to 
2in. (2 to 5 cm.), sphaeroid or subspliaeroid or hemispherical, rarely oboviud 
internally zoned wdth concentric strata, black or brown, turning black. Perithecia 
obovoid, angular by pressure, ostiola small, inmctiform. Asci cylindrical SO to 
110 X 8 to 10 y, sporidia ellijisoid, often unequal-sided, brown, 12 to 15 x 7 to 
10 M. ” — Cooke. South Australia — Mount Lofty, Telegraph line to Cape Borda 
(K.I.), Myponga, Back Valley off Inman Valley (spores 24 to 28 x 11 to 13 p.) . 
Queensland. New' South Wales. Victoria. Tasmania. Western Australia. 
March to May, October. 
Recognizable by the shape, the black colour, the escape on drying of tiie 
powdery black spores, and the laminated structure on section. 
