LTTTJITID.i:. 
3 
the development of two lobes h The septa are approximate, rather 
strongly concave ; the necks short and directed backwards ; the 
sutures are simple. The siphuncle is cylindrical, subcentral, nearest 
to the dorsal (inner) side. The shell consists of three layers — the 
inner, which is smooth and forms the septa ; the middle, finely 
punctured ; and the outer, marked with fine transverse striie. Strong, 
numerous, and tolerably regular lines of growth in the form o 
fiattish annulatlons are also present. 
Beynarls. Attempts have been made to separate this genus into 
two groups ; the one embracing forms in which the whorls are in 
contact, the other those in which they are disconnected. Montfort 
established the genus Hortolus to include the latter forms, but it 
has not been generally adopted “. Satisfactory evidence of the 
existence of species of Lituiies with disconnected whorls appears to 
be wanting, for we find that the figures representing such forms 
have either been “ restored ’’ or else drawn from imperfect speci- 
mens, in which a portion of the spire or of the test was absent 
Quenstedt ‘ divided Lituites into two groups : those in which the 
whorls only touch each other at their commencement, but after- 
wards become evolute, he called Lituites perfecti ; while those in 
which all the whorls are contiguous except the last he called 
Lituites imperfecti. Lessen ’ adopting similar names, but in a dif- 
ferent sense, distinguished species having the spire slightly de- 
veloped and the last whorl greatly elongated, under the name 
Lituites perfectiores ; while those in which the spire was well deve- 
loped and the last whorl short he designated Lituites imperfectiores. 
^ I give this on Lossen’s authority (Zeitschr. der Deutsch. geol. Gesell. 1860, 
Band xii. p. 15, Taf. i. ff. 1 «, 1 c) ; but the lobate portion of the aperture appears 
to have been added in his figure, in accordance with his views of its form, based 
upon the lines of growth. See fig. 1, d, c, where the specimen appears to have 
been broken, the lobed part, above the line of fracture, being restored. 
Noetling (Zeitschr. der Deutsch. geol. Gesell. 1882, Band xxxiv. Heft i. 
p. 1.56, Taf. xi.) makes out that the aperture has four lobes, and he gives 
restored figures of these, viewed laterally and from above. His figure of the 
specimen upon which his observations were based is, however, imperfect, and 
the aperture partly concealed by the matrix ; moreover, the lines of growth do 
not indicate more than two lobes, which is in fact the number figured by Lossen 
(Zeitschr. der Deutsch. geol. Gesell. Band xii. p. 15, Taf. i. ff. 1 a, 1 c). 
^ See, however, M'Coy (British Pal. Foss. fasc. ii. 1852, p. 324), who adopts 
the name Hortolus for Lituites giganteus and L. ibex of J. de 0. Sowerby. 
See Lossen, Zeitschr. der Deutsch, geol. Gesell., Baud xii. 1860, p. 16, 
Taf. i, f. la; Angelin and Lindstrom, Fragmenta Silurica, tab. xi. ; Breyn, 
Dissert, phys. de Polythalam. tab. ii. f. 11 ; &c. 
^ ‘De Notis Nautilearum Primariis,’ 1836. 
^ Zeitschrift der Deutsch. geol. Gesell., Band xii. 1860, p. 15. 
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