OF THE HERBARIUM. 
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form immediately after the second name of the plant : 
thus, 4 Sonchus arvensis, Linn (for Linnaeus), 4 Lastrea 
cristata, Pr' (Presl), 4 Synedra acicularis, W. Sm* 
(William Smith). 
This addition of the author’s name should never be 
omitted, because the same plant is often published under 
different names ; and, as often, widely different plants are 
described under the same name. We have an instance in 
one of the examples given above : 4 Synedra acicularis, 
W. Sm.y is a diatomaceous species found in brackish 
water, to which the name of Synedra laevis has been given 
by Kiitzing, while, to make confusion worse confounded, 
this last author’s Synedra acicularis is a fresh water 
species, which Smith calls 4 Nitzschia acicularis ; ’ so that 
it is not only not identical with the first-named Synedra 
acicularis, but actually is a separate genus ! If then, in 
such a case as this, the student simply gave the name of 
the plant without that of the author, no one would know 
which Synedra acicularis was intended, that of Smith or 
of Kutzing. Examples of this kind might be multiplied 
indefinitely. 
To the name of the author should also be added, it 
possible, the title of the work in which the species was 
first described, with a reference to the volume, page, &c. ; 
the whole to be enclosed in brackets. All the longer 
words to be abbreviated. 
3. A list of the synonyms, or, at least, the more recent 
ones ; that is to say, the names which have been given to 
the specimen by authors of repute, in addition to the one 
by which it is generally known and accepted. These 
it is usual to place between brackets, immediately under 
the established name, together with the work in which the 
synonym was first made known to the world.* 
* So huge has the catalogue of synonyms become, that in many 
instances it would be simply impossible to recount them without 
overstepping the limits of any ordinary label ! The common Cysto- 
