INTRODUCTION. 
IX 
— that is, limp tough tests consisting of some material analogous to chi- 
tine. Ceratestina has such a horny coat, hut is one of the lobular or 
Testamcebifomi Foraminifera as defined by Carter*. 
On account of the reticularian character of their pseudopods, the more 
or less chitinous Gromia , Sheplieardella , and LieberTcuehnia are grouped 
with Foraminifera ; but these differ somewhat from ordinary kinds of 
this Order of Rhizopods t. Even some of the Miliolce are found at times 
with a chitinous test, destitute of calcareous matter, and occasionally 
incrusted with sand. 
None of these soft-shelled Rhizopods are found in the fossil state, unless, 
indeed, some thread-like markings on weathered chalk-flints indicate the 
former existence of soft filiform sarcodic bodies once present in the calca- 
reous mud before it was replaced by silex in the process of pseudomor- 
phosis. 
The following classification of Foraminifera is adapted from the Table 
in H. B. Brady’s “ Notes on Reticularian Rhizopoda,” (fee. in the Quart. 
Journ. Micr. Sci. new series, vol. xxi. 
Division A. IMPERFORATA. 
Subdivision 1. CHITON ACE A. 
Group I. Test chitinous, imperforate. 
Fam. I. Gromidae. 
Gromia, Dujardin ; Lieberkueknia, Claparede ; Shephear della, Siddall. 
Subdivision 2. CALCAREA (Porcellanea). 
Group II. Test calcareous, imperforate, porcellaneous, and sometimes 
sandy, occasionally chitinous and sandy. 
Fam. II. Miliolidae. 
a. Miliolina. — Bathysiphon, G. 0. Sars ; Squamulina, Schultze ; Nubecularia , 
Defiance ; Uni-, Bi-, Spiroloculina, d’Orb. ; Miliola, Lamarck {Miliolina, Wil- 
liamson ; Tri Quique-, Cruciloculina, d’Orb.) ; Cornuspira , Schultze ( Ophthal - 
* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., June 1880, p. 446 &c. 
t For Mr. Siddall’s very interesting and instructive notes on Lieberkuehnia and 
Shephear della, see the Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. 1880, p. 141 &c. 
b 
