86 
FOSSIL FORAMINIFERA. 
oceanic depths ; but the abyssal Globigerince of the present oceans grow much 
larger and coarser than those of the Chalk. A. d’Orbigny and others have 
speculated on the possible continuity of the Cretaceous Ocean with the Atlantic 
of the present day ; but the hypothesis has been carried too far. See also ‘ Geol. 
Sussex/ 2nd ed., p. 124, and Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, vol. ix. pp. 295-96. 
The Foraminifera of the Chalk and Chalk-marl of the continent have been 
described and figured by Ehrenberg, Alcide d'Orbigny, F. A. Roemer, Fr. von 
Hagenow, A. von Reuss, A. Alth, F. Karrer, and others ; but the English series 
has not yet been taken completely in hand, though Ehrenberg l , d’Orbigny 2 , 
Williamson 3 , Mantell 4 , Eley 5 , and others have illustrated some portions o p 
this foraminiferal fauna. The Foraminifera of the Chalk of Antrim, Ireland, 
have been noticed by Professor Ed. Hull, F.R.S., and Mr. Joseph Wright, 
F.G.S., in cooperation with myself. 
The distribution of one important division of the Foraminifera in the Creta- 
ceous deposits is treated in detail by Professor Parker and myself in our memoir 
“ On the Foraminifera of the Family Rotalinse (Carpenter) "found in the Creta- 
ceous Formations,” Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxviii. 1872, pp. 103-131. 
Remarks on Nodosarice and Cristellarice, so common in the Chalk, and a classi- 
fication of the Foraminifera, comprising the fossil forms as far as known at the 
time, are offered in the ‘ Monthly Microscopic Journal ’ for February 1876, 
pp. 89-92 and 200. 
The Foraminifera of the Chalk of Ireland (Antrim &c.) are enumerated by 
Mr. J. Wright in the 1 Report and Proceedings Belfast Nat. Field-Club/ 
new ser. vol. i. pt. 1, 1875, pp. 82-88, and pp. 91-96; and those of the English 
Gault and (Upper) Greensand are catalogued in the Appendix to Mr. Topley’s 
‘ Memoir on the Weald,’ Geol. Surv. Mem. 1875, pp. 423, 424. 
Further, the Foraminifera and other Microzoa observable in the Chalk of the 
Hebrides are noted by myself in a memoir by Prof. Judd in the Quart. Journ. 
Geol. Soc. vol. xxxiv. 1878, p. 739. 
The flint-nodules so frequent in the Chalk contain shells and casts of Forami- 
nifera in great numbers, with different degrees of conspicuity, either in their mass 
or on their surfaces. Having been just so much chalk-mud or calcareous ooze 
as their individual bulk represents, changed by the pseudomorphic action of 
water carrying silica in solution, removing the carbonate of lime and replacing 
it with silica, they contain just what organisms (Foraminifera, Sponge-spicules, 
Echinoderms, Shells, Fish-remains, &c.) were present in that deposit. See 
Proc. Geol. Assoc, vol. iv. 1876, p. 439, &c., where numerous authors are re- 
ferred to ; later memoirs also by Sollas, Wallich, and others have been published. 
The beautiful series of flint specimens from the Rev. H. Eley’s collection, 
enumerated at pp. 14-16, exemplify these remarks. 
Foraminifera of the Chalk and the Chalk-marl of England. 
Cm. stands for Chalk-marl and C. for Chalk. 
The mark * indicates that the species from the Chalk-marl is in the British 
Museum ; f indicates that the species from the Chalk is in the British Museum. 
Family Miliolida. 
Miliola, sp. C.f 
1 Monatsber. Akad. Berlin, 1838, p> 193 ; Abhandl. 1838, pp. 92, 133, &c. ; Mikro- 
geologie, 1850, pi. 28 ; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, vol. ix. 1872, p. 297, &c. 
2 Mem. Soc. Geol. France, 1840, vol. iv. part 1 ; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. tom. 
cit. p. 294, &c. 
3 Manchester Lit. Phil. Soc. Mem. vol. viii. 1 847, and ser. 3, vol. v. 1872. 
4 Phil. Trans, part iv. for 1846, p. 465, &c. Notices and figures in the ‘ Wonders 
of Geology ’ and ‘ Medals of Creation,’ various editions. 
5 * Geology in the Garden,’ 1859 ; Geol. Mag. vol. ix. p. 124. 
