( *4 6 ) 
mon way of rowing, and that by perpendicular Oars : 
The lad is done by an uninterrupted Application of 
Force, in the fame Dire&ion ; the other acfls byjerks. 
And, of the three Parts of Atflion that are employ’d, 
in order to give the Strokes ; one in raifing the Oar 
out of the Water, the fecond in advancing the Hands for- 
wards, and the third in prefling againfl the Water 
only the laft turns to Account : And that flill lofes 
fomething of its Efficacy ,* for the Crew, by their fal- 
ling back all together, make the Veflel plunge, and 
render its Motion oblique, which contributes very much 
to its Decay. 
Thefe are not the only Defeats of the common 
Oars ; for, in order to augment their Force, the Num- 
ber is to be increas’d, and confequently, theVeflel mull 
have a greater Length ,* by which means, it is render’d 
weaker and lefs able to refift the force of the Sea. Befides, 
the Veflel mult be low-built, and uncover’d, (and fo 
■, more expos’d to the beating in of the Waves) by rea- 
fon they are obliged to proportion the Length of the 
Oar to the Strength and Size of the Men. And tho’ 
the Crew fliould be under fome Covert, as they are in 
a Galeafs ; an Opening mull be left for the Oars to 
play, by which the Waves may beat in. 
Both thefe Inconveniencies are avoided, by the per- 
pendicular Oars ; becaufe the Addition of Force may 
be obtain’d , by only applying more Hands to the 
Machine ; fo that with two or three Machines on a 
fide, there will be more or lefs Force, in proportion 
to the Number of Men employ’d, and the Length of 
the Veflel may be leflen’d at Difcretion. And to guard 
againfl; the Sea , another Deck may be made , ffiut 
clofe 
